Gravity-MONitoring for Alpine Research Catchment Hydrology

高山研究流域水文学的重力监测

• 批准号: 516655888
• 负责人: Professor Dr.-Ing. Frank Flechtner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Geodäsie und Geoinformationstechnik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/516655888?language=en
• 关键词: Gravity; MONitoring; Alpine; Research; Catchment

Wider research context: Snow water equivalent is an essential climate variable and has vital importance on the water cycle and the wellbeing of billions of people living in and downstream of mountain catchments. Estimating the amount and the spatiotemporal distribution of snow is currently considered as one of the most important challenges in alpine hydrology. Besides, it is extremely difficult to measure or estimate other alpine water storage components, e.g. karst reservoirs, and to examine the relationship between precipitation, evapotranspiration, storages, internal fluxes and discharge. Innovation: The Zugspitze Geodynamic Observatory Germany (ZUGOG) with its worldwide unique installation of a superconducting gravimeter at Mount Zugspitze on top of a well-instrumented, snow dominated high-alpine catchment is used as a novel hydrological sensor system for the direct, integral and non-invasive observation of the gravity effect of water storage variations. Due to its geological situation, the catchment itself can be regarded as a natural lysimeter allowing for detailed mass balance studies. Objectives: We will use this unique instrumental setup in synthesis with detailed physically-based and spatially distributed snowpack monitoring and modelling and karst- hydrological modelling of different complexity. The overall research question to be addressed is, to what extent the snow-hydro-gravimetric approach can contribute to a better understanding and quantification of hydrological processes, states and fluxes in high-alpine areas that can be transferred to other regions worldwide. Approach: Important steps that will be addressed are i) the provision of snow-hydro-meteorological observations for initial and boundary conditions regarding model setup, calibration and validation; ii) the improvement of the gravimeter modelling and enhancement of further gravimetric observations within the test site providing integral mass change information for conditioning the model; iii) the development of snow-hydro-gravimetric model setups to describe the spatiotemporal hydrological mass and gravimetric signal changes, including the embedding into an uncertainty estimation framework; and iv) reaching an overall synthesis on the additional value of the gravimetric signal for snow-hydrological modelling in high-alpine sites. Primary researchers involved: A successful implementation of this highly interdisciplinary project requires the proposed collaborative constellation encompassing the expertise on alpine hydrological monitoring and modelling including uncertainty estimation of model parameters of BOKU Vienna and the expertise from Technische Universität Berlin and GFZ Potsdam to derive gravimetric signals sensitive to small changes in the hydrosphere as well as the long-term local hydro(geo)logical expert knowledge and supervision of the hydro-meteo sensor network by the University of Augsburg.

更广泛的研究背景：雪水当量是一个重要的气候变量，对水循环和生活在山区集水区及其下游的数十亿人的福祉至关重要。估算积雪量及其时空分布是目前高寒水文学研究的重要课题之一。此外，测量或估算其他高山储水组分（如喀斯特水库）以及检验降水、蒸散发、储水量、内部通量和流量之间的关系也极为困难。创新：德国Zugspitze地球动力学观测站（ZUGOG）在Zugspitze山上安装了一个全球独一无二的超导重力仪，该重力仪安装在仪器齐全、积雪覆盖的高高山集水区之上，被用作一种新型的水文传感器系统，用于直接、完整和非侵入性地观测水储存变化的重力效应。由于它的地质情况，集水区本身可以被视为一个天然的溶解器，允许进行详细的质量平衡研究。目的：我们将使用这一独特的仪器装置与详细的基于物理和空间分布的积雪监测和建模以及不同复杂性的喀斯特水文建模相结合。要解决的总体研究问题是，雪水-重力方法在多大程度上有助于更好地了解和量化可转移到世界其他地区的高高山地区的水文过程、状态和通量。方法：将解决的重要步骤是i)提供关于模式建立、校准和验证的初始和边界条件的雪水气象观测；Ii)改进重力仪模型，增强试验场地内的进一步重力观测，为调节模型提供完整的质量变化信息；Iii)建立雪水-重力模型来描述时空水文质量和重力信号的变化，包括嵌入不确定性估计框架；(4)对高高山地区积雪水文模拟的重力信号附加价值进行全面综合。主要研究人员：这一高度跨学科项目的成功实施需要拟议的协作星座，包括高山水文监测和建模方面的专业知识，包括维也纳BOKU模型参数的不确定性估计，柏林技术研究所Universität和波茨坦GFZ的专业知识，以获得对水圈微小变化敏感的重力信号，以及长期的当地水文（地理）逻辑专家知识和监督奥格斯堡大学的水文气象传感器网络。