Mutual Evaluation of Beach Erosion Control in JAPAN,EC,USA

日本、欧盟、美国海滩侵蚀控制相互评价

基本信息

批准号：
09041125
负责人：
YAMASHITA Takao
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09041125/
关键词：
beach fill nourishment soft beach beach erosion erosion control coastal management EU USA 安全海浜海岸侵食安定海浜工法ソフトビ-チ海浜変形予測

项目摘要

Scientific understanding of how natural beaches mitigate storm energy has now become the basis for the consideration of beaches as soft shore protection structures by the coastal engineering profession. Focusing on the beach nourishment projects, own shore protection strategies in JAPAN, USA and EU has been evaluated by mutual survey. The main results obtained are :EU case : The beach fill situation in the countries of the European Union is highlighted and discussed with respect to the general situation, project type and objectives, design and evaluation procedures, legal framework, and financial aspects. As expected, significant differences were found between the investigated countries. In general, the study shows that it would be very profitable for south European countries to learn about the Dutch and German practices, particularly regarding the long-term coastal management and the regular monitoring of the coastal morphology. On the other hand, recent Dutch experience has shown that their legal system is a bit too rigid leading to automatic local renourishments that are unnecessary to reach the global objectiveUSA case : A 1971 study by the US Army Corps of Engineers found 2600 miles (4200 km) to be experiencing critical erosion. Between 1 950 and 1 995 the Corps constructed 56 large shore protection projects that covered 210 miles (340 kin) or about 8 percent of that eroding. In 1970, a shift from hard structures (20%) to soft structures (80%) as beach nourishment occurred that continues today. Actual construction costs to 1993 totaled $670 million or about $15 million per year. In 1995 dollars ; adjusted costs were $1,580 million or $34 million per year. The total volume of sand placed was about 1 90 million cubic yards (cy) for the 49 projects that involved beach nourishment. Average unit sand cost was $3.55 per cy.

科学理解自然海滩如何减轻风暴能源已成为沿海工程专业将海滩视为软海岸保护结构的基础。在日本，美国和欧盟，专注于海滩营养项目，已通过Mutual Survey评估了自己的海岸保护策略。获得的主要结果是：欧盟案件：关于欧盟国家的海滩填补局势，并在一般情况，项目类型和目标，设计和评估程序，法律框架以及财务方面进行了强调和讨论。正如预期的那样，被调查的国家之间发现了显着差异。总的来说，研究表明，南欧国家了解荷兰和德国的做法将是非常有利可图的，尤其是关于长期沿海管理以及定期监测沿海形态的实践。另一方面，最近的荷兰经验表明，他们的法律制度有点过于严格，导致自动进行本地逆转，这是不需要达到全球Objectiveusa案件的：1971年美国陆军工程兵团的一项研究发现，发现2600英里（4200公里），无法体验重要的侵蚀。在1 950和1 995之间，军团建造了56个覆盖210英里（340英里）或大约8％侵蚀的大型海岸保护项目。 1970年，随着海滩营养的发生，从硬结构（20％）转变为软结构（80％）。 1993年的实际建筑成本总计6.7亿美元或每年约1500万美元。以1995年的美元；调整后的成本为每年15.8亿美元或3400万美元。对于涉及海滩营养的49个项目，放置的沙子总数约为1,9000万立方码（CY）。平均单位沙子成本为每CY 3.55美元。