Safeguarding Genetic Resources of Aquatic Biomedical Models

项目摘要/摘要： 水生生物的遗传资源是数百万年来 进化，几十年的科学发展，以及数亿美元的研究 为投资融资。水生生物已成为生物医学研究的强大模型 世界各地的实验室已经生产出数以万计的突变和转基因 台词。维持这些有价值的基因型作为活动物是昂贵的、有风险的，而且超出了 大多数库存中心的容量。因此，冷冻保存已成为一种必要，而且通常 这些遗传资源现在被保存为质量不一致的样本 基本的技术。质量控制没有以任何系统的方式进行， 重复性差，协议不规范。有问题和问题是很常见的 受精失败会导致丢失需要重新创建的线路，从而导致设施浪费 相当多的时间和精力。这在很大程度上是由于忽视质量控制的错误观念 节省时间和金钱。然而，这些成本非但没有减少，反而被转移了 下游通过浪费储存空间和减少施肥。这种普遍的缺乏 可靠性和重复性使生物医学研究的大量投资 风险很大。这些普遍存在的问题是2017年美国国立卫生研究院冷冻保存的主题 开发种质资源库以保护水生生物医学遗传资源研讨会。 这项建议直接回应了研究界和 在该研讨会上，NIH资助的五个水生动物种群中心的董事。这一机制 确定通过以下途径提供急需的研究和能力发展 建立基于AGGRC模式的枢纽和储存库网络，即 专门针对将研究转化为应用实践。这样做的具体目的是 建议是：1)在NIH资助的库存中心建立全面的储存库系统 非洲爪蛙和蜥蜴的精子。2)建立完善的知识库 美国国立卫生研究院资助的海兔早期生命阶段(如胚胎、幼体)的储备中心的系统 野兔和必需的藻类。3)建立一个综合、集中的单位(“枢纽”)，以 整合NIH资助的股票中心及其社区的活动，并制定 超低温保存的方法和文献。这包括开发协议 和路径，外展计划，社区互动，标准化，冻结服务， 和训练。AGGRC是为了直接满足这些需求而开发的，并且是唯一适合的 执行和整合必要的研究、库存中心和网络层面的活动。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT: The genetic resources of aquatic biomedical organisms are the products of millions of years of evolution, decades of scientific development, and hundreds of millions of dollars of research funding investment. Aquatic organisms have become powerful models in biomedical research and laboratories around the world have produced tens of thousands of mutant and transgenic lines. Maintaining these valuable genotypes as live animals is expensive, risky, and beyond the capacity of most stock centers. As such, cryopreservation has become a necessity and typically these genetic resources are now maintained as samples of inconsistent quality frozen with rudimentary techniques. Quality control has not been practiced in any systematic way, reproducibility is poor, and protocols are not standardized. It is common to have problems and failures in fertilization resulting in lost lines that need to be recreated, causing facilities to waste considerable time and effort. This is largely due to the false notion that neglecting quality control saves time and money. However, rather than being reduced, these costs are shifted downstream through wasted storage space and reduced fertilization. This pervasive lack of reliability and reproducibility has placed the substantial investments in biomedical research at great risk. These pervasive problems were the subject of a 2017 NIH Cryopreservation Workshop to develop germplasm repositories to protect aquatic biomedical genetic resources. This proposal directly responds to the specific needs identified by research communities and the Directors of the five NIH-funded aquatic animal stock centers at that workshop. The mechanism identified to deliver the much-needed research and capacity development was through establishment of a Hub and repository network based on the model of the AGGRC, which is specifically directed at translating research into applied practice. The Specific Aims of this proposal are to: 1) Establish comprehensive repository systems at NIH-funded stock centers for sperm of Xenopus frogs and Ambystoma salamanders. 2) Establish a comprehensive repository system at the NIH-funded stock center for early life stages (e.g., embryos, larvae) of Aplysia sea hares and required algae species. 3) Establish a comprehensive, centralized unit (“Hub”) to integrate activities across NIH-funded stock centers and their communities, and develop approaches and documentation for cryopreservation. This includes development of protocols and pathways, outreach programs, community interaction, standardization, freezing services, and training. The AGGRC was developed to directly address these needs and is uniquely suited to perform and integrate the necessary research, stock center, and network-level activities.