Safeguarding Genetic Resources of Aquatic Biomedical Models

项目总结/摘要： 水生生物医学有机体的遗传资源是数百万年来生物进化的产物。 进化，几十年的科学发展，以及数亿美元的研究， 融资投资。水生生物已成为生物医学研究的有力模型 世界各地的实验室已经生产出成千上万的突变和转基因 线维持这些有价值的基因型作为活动物是昂贵的，有风险的， 大部分库存中心的容量。因此，低温保存已成为必需品，并且通常 这些遗传资源现在作为质量不一致的样品保存， 基本技术质量控制没有以任何系统的方式进行， 再现性差，并且方案没有标准化。有问题是很常见的， 施肥失败导致需要重建的线路丢失，造成设施浪费 相当多的时间和精力。这在很大程度上是由于错误的观念，忽视质量控制， 节省时间和金钱。然而，这些成本非但没有减少，反而被转移了 通过浪费储存空间和减少施肥而向下游排放。这种普遍缺乏 可靠性和可重复性使生物医学研究的大量投资， 很大的风险这些普遍存在的问题是2017年NIH冷冻保存的主题 发展种质库以保护水生生物医学遗传资源讲习班。 这一建议直接回应了研究界确定的具体需求， 五个NIH资助的水生动物储备中心的负责人参加了研讨会。机制 确定提供急需的研究和能力发展的工作是通过 根据AGGRC的模式建立一个中心和储存库网络， 专门致力于将研究转化为应用实践。具体目标是 建议是：1）在NIH资助的库存中心建立全面的储存库系统， 非洲爪蟾和钝口蝾螈的精子。2)建立一个全面的知识库 NIH资助的早期生命阶段库存中心的系统（例如，胚胎、幼虫） 野兔和所需的藻类物种。3)建立一个综合性的集中单位（“中心”）， 整合NIH资助的库存中心及其社区的活动，并开发 冷冻保存的方法和文件。这包括制定协议 和路径，外展计划，社区互动，标准化，冷冻服务， 和培训及其有效AGGRC的开发是为了直接满足这些需求，并且非常适合 执行和整合必要的研究、库存中心和网络级活动。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT: The genetic resources of aquatic biomedical organisms are the products of millions of years of evolution, decades of scientific development, and hundreds of millions of dollars of research funding investment. Aquatic organisms have become powerful models in biomedical research and laboratories around the world have produced tens of thousands of mutant and transgenic lines. Maintaining these valuable genotypes as live animals is expensive, risky, and beyond the capacity of most stock centers. As such, cryopreservation has become a necessity and typically these genetic resources are now maintained as samples of inconsistent quality frozen with rudimentary techniques. Quality control has not been practiced in any systematic way, reproducibility is poor, and protocols are not standardized. It is common to have problems and failures in fertilization resulting in lost lines that need to be recreated, causing facilities to waste considerable time and effort. This is largely due to the false notion that neglecting quality control saves time and money. However, rather than being reduced, these costs are shifted downstream through wasted storage space and reduced fertilization. This pervasive lack of reliability and reproducibility has placed the substantial investments in biomedical research at great risk. These pervasive problems were the subject of a 2017 NIH Cryopreservation Workshop to develop germplasm repositories to protect aquatic biomedical genetic resources. This proposal directly responds to the specific needs identified by research communities and the Directors of the five NIH-funded aquatic animal stock centers at that workshop. The mechanism identified to deliver the much-needed research and capacity development was through establishment of a Hub and repository network based on the model of the AGGRC, which is specifically directed at translating research into applied practice. The Specific Aims of this proposal are to: 1) Establish comprehensive repository systems at NIH-funded stock centers for sperm of Xenopus frogs and Ambystoma salamanders. 2) Establish a comprehensive repository system at the NIH-funded stock center for early life stages (e.g., embryos, larvae) of Aplysia sea hares and required algae species. 3) Establish a comprehensive, centralized unit (“Hub”) to integrate activities across NIH-funded stock centers and their communities, and develop approaches and documentation for cryopreservation. This includes development of protocols and pathways, outreach programs, community interaction, standardization, freezing services, and training. The AGGRC was developed to directly address these needs and is uniquely suited to perform and integrate the necessary research, stock center, and network-level activities.