Development of Submillimeter-Wave SIS Photon Detectors

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Development of submillimeter-wave direct detectors using superconducting tunnel junctions. The superconducting submillimeter-wave detectors are capable to realize better perfoamance than cryogenic bolometers and is suitable for realizing two dimesional array. By decreasing operating temperature less than 1/10 of the critical temperature of the superconductors, leakage current can be supressed dramatically and high sensitivity submillimeter-wave photon detector is to be realized.We used two schemes for its rdevelopment. One applies to incoming photon whose energy is larger than the superconducting energy gap. We have realized far-infrared photon detectors in this scheme. Quantumn efficiency is a problem to be solved. Another scheme is applicable for photons whose energy is lower than the gap energy, which is usually addressed as video detectors. For this scheme we could successfully realize wide band and high sensitivity direct detectors whose performance is comparable to bolometers operating at 1.5K.Parallel Connected Twin Junction (PCTJ) have been successfully applied for this detectors. Further improvement is performed using Distributed Junction (DJ) arrays. In near future submillimeter-wave camera using the superconducting direct detectors will be realized.