LAW AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY ON THE WAY TO ESTABLISH A SYSTEM OF RIGHTS AND THE RULE OF LAW IN THE CULTURAL CONTEXT OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

（1）从法律与发展学的角度来看，文化可以被看作是一种非正式规则，其功能在于减少不确定性，维护社会的独特性。因此，在权利体系与法治原则相结合的法律的体系中，文化规则是不容忽视的。（2）权利体系的现状因社会而异，可以从以下几个方面来衡量：（1）土地权利和其他实体权利的确定和登记;（2）征用补偿的确定性和充分性;（3）保障自由竞争的竞争法;（4）通过土地改革和税收改革实现的再分配制度等。（3）法治的现状也因社会而异，这可以从以下几个方面来衡量：（1）通过民事诉讼程序对私权的公正裁决、执行和落实;（2）行政、立法和司法活动的透明度以及公民参与这些活动的机会;（3）民间社会中的非营利组织和非政府组织的普及程度。等(4)In在法律的援助实践中，不应预设一种固定的权利体系与法治原则相结合的法律的体系模式，而应一次性推出一整套法律的体系，因为文化规则影响着权利体系与法治原则的确立方式。

(1)From the viewpoint of Law and Development Study, the culture can be regarded as a type of informal rules, the function of which is to reduce the uncertainty as well as maintain the peculiarity of the society. As a result, the cultural rules can not be ignored in the legal system that consists of a combination of a system of rights and the principle of the rule of law.(2)The current situation of the system of rights varies depending on the society, that can be measured by 1) the determination and registration of the land rights and other substantive rights, 2) the certainty and adequateness of the compensation for takings, 3) the competition law that guarantee the free competition, and 4) the redistribution system through the agrarian reform and tax reform, etc.(3)The current situation of the rule of law also varies depending on the society, that can be measured by 1) the fair adjudication, execution and implementation of private rights through the civil procedure, 2) the transparency of administrative, legislative and judicial activities and the civil access to them, and 3) the popularity of the non-profit and non-governmental organizations which consist of the civil society, etc.(4)In the practice of legal assistance, it should not be recommended to presuppose a fixed pattern of the legal system which is a combination of a system of rights and the principle of rule of law, and to introduce a complete set of the legal system at a time, because the cultural rules are influencing the way to establish the system of rights and the principle of rule of law.