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A STUDY ON FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO RECOVERY PROCESSES OF DISASTER VICTIMS' METAL HEALTH

影响灾民金属健康恢复过程的因素研究

基本信息

批准号：
09480082
负责人：
FUJIMORI Taysuo
金额：
$ 6.98万
依托单位：
Yokohama National University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study examined the influence that a disaster has on victims' mental health, the relationship of trauma and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and the guideline of mental health care for victims.The main results were followongs :1. The 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ28) was administered to residents of Okushiri Island which was most heavily damaged by the Hokkaido Nanseioki Earthquake. The accepted threshold for GHQ28 that indicates a risk for nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders, is a score of six and above. At 74 months after the earthquake, 54.6% of respondents scored above 6. The result supported the hypothesis that states'a central disaster which destroys the whole physical and organizational structure of the community, and which brings experiences of serious loss to many victims, increases the probability of serious long term psychological dysfunction among the victims.2. Trauma is classified into two categories ; single trauma and repeated trauma. The former mean … More s experience of a great earthquake once, and the latter means repeated experiences of physical violence. It was considered that the difference of nature of these trauma plays significant role in determining the types of psychiatric disorders, i.e. simple PTSD and complex PTSD, experienced. It was pointed out that there are many issues need to be overcome in the diagnosis criteria of PTSD. For instance, both the description of the criteria and relationship between PTSD with other disorders need to be clarified.3. It is often reported that the use of debriefing was effective in prevention of PTSD among disaster victims and relief workers. However, researches on the effects of debriefing indicated contradictory results. This study pointed out that such disagreement comes from issues such as presence or lack of control groups and types of instruments used in those reseaches4. The study propsed that disaster intervention plan was consisted of four phases : mitigation phase, correspondence phase, recovery phase, feedback phase. Mitigation phase is a stage before a disaster occurs. In other words, it is a preparation stage. Correspondence phase means a stage to act effectively according to the contingency plan for a disaster. Recovery phase means a stage to help the rebuilding of victims' lives. And feedback phase means to make use of a lesson learned from a disaster, and to modify the contingency plan to make it more effective and practical. Less

本研究探讨了灾难对灾民心理健康的影响、创伤与创伤后应激障碍（Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder，PTSD）的关系以及灾民心理健康护理的指导原则。向在北海道南西置地震中受损最严重的奥尻岛居民进行了28项一般健康问卷（GHQ 28）。GHQ 28的公认阈值表明非精神病性精神障碍的风险，是6分及以上。地震后74个月，54.6%的受访者得分在6分以上。研究结果支持了一个假设，即国家的一个中心灾难，破坏了整个社会的物质和组织结构，并带来了严重的损失的经验，许多受害者，增加了严重的长期心理功能障碍的概率.创伤分为两类：单一创伤和重复创伤。前者意味着 ...更多信息一次大地震的经历，后者意味着身体暴力的重复经历。认为这些创伤的性质的差异在确定所经历的精神障碍的类型，即简单PTSD和复杂PTSD中起重要作用。指出PTSD的诊断标准仍有许多问题需要克服。例如，创伤后应激障碍的诊断标准以及与其他疾病的关系都需要明确。经常有报道说，使用报告是有效的，在预防灾难受害者和救援人员的PTSD。然而，关于任务汇报效果的研究却显示出相互矛盾的结果。这项研究指出，这种分歧来自于控制组的存在或缺乏以及这些研究中使用的工具类型等问题4。本研究提出灾害干预计划由四个阶段组成：缓解阶段、对应阶段、恢复阶段、反馈阶段。减灾阶段是灾害发生前的一个阶段。换句话说，这是一个准备阶段。对应阶段是指按照灾害应急预案有效行动的阶段。恢复阶段是指帮助受害者重建生活的阶段。反馈阶段意味着利用从灾难中吸取的教训，并修改应急计划，使其更加有效和实用。少