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A geographical Study on the role of women to create sustainable rural systems

关于妇女在创建可持续农村系统中的作用的地理研究

基本信息

批准号：
09680152
负责人：
TABAYASHI Akira
金额：
$ 1.98万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Rural areas and agriculture in Japan and other advanced countries have changed drastically following the rapid economic development occurred after the World War II. Traditional characteristics of Japanese rural communities, based on a form of communal organization, rapidly disappearing. This study attempts to discuss the regional conditions of sustainable rural systems especially focusing the role of female community activities to create rural villages. Although this research project consisted of (1) reviewing previous studies, (2) statistical analysis and (3) regional studies, its stress on the last one.This study clarifies that diversified rural economic activities have led to the weakened solidarity of rural communities in Japan although these places have become economically well-off. Improved irrigation systems and farm roads have reduced the need for rural villagers to participate in mandatory communal work. The provision of modern facilities and infrastructure does not always lead to sustainable rural areas. For example many rural hamlets in rice-growing areas are likely lose their viability once land improvement work occurred and the number of part-time farmers has increased. In this situation, active communities based on a good human relation are one of the most important factors to form sustainable rural areas. It is essential for villagers to make, keep or reform various organizations to support rural communities. In order to realize this, women members of rural communities who take root in local areas have played an important role.

日本和其他发达国家的农村和农业随着第二次世界大战后经济的迅速发展而发生了巨大变化。日本农村社区的传统特征，以社区组织形式为基础，迅速消失。本研究试图讨论可持续农村系统的区域条件，特别是关注女性社群活动在创建农村村庄中的作用。本研究的内容包括（1）以往研究的回顾、（2）统计分析、（3）地区研究，但重点放在了地区研究上。本研究明确了农村经济活动的多样化导致了日本农村社区的团结性减弱，尽管这些地方的经济已经富裕起来。灌溉系统和农场道路的改善减少了农村村民参与强制性社区工作的需要。提供现代化设施和基础设施并不总是导致农村地区的可持续发展。例如，一旦土地改良工作开始，兼职农民的人数增加，稻米种植区的许多农村村庄就可能失去生存能力。在这种情况下，建立在良好人际关系基础上的活跃社区是形成可持续农村地区的最重要因素之一。村民必须建立、保留或改革各种组织来支持农村社区。为了实现这一目标，扎根当地的农村社区妇女成员发挥了重要作用。