Initiation of voluntary movement and cerebro-cerebellar neuronal circuit

本研究以猕猴为实验动物，探讨了随意运动的启动、控制和学习机制。他们接受了视觉启动，反应时间手部运动和大脑皮层和小脑皮层中与运动相关的场电位的训练，并用长期植入这些皮层的电极进行了记录和分析。同时对大脑皮层不同区域进行局部降温，观察降温过程中运动和皮层场电位的变化。结果总结如下。1.运动前的特征场电位分别记录在前额叶，运动前区，运动，体感，前纹状体，纹状体皮层等。增加活动的前额叶，特别是“前弓状”，和运动前区皮层出现相关的“识别学习”相关联的视觉刺激的运动。小脑-小脑相互作用的募集是一个 ...更多信息 有助于实现“技能学习”，提高反应时间运动的时机.慢性记录从小脑皮质，特别是小脑半球<II>，揭示了苔藓纤维反应诱导的视觉刺激的发病后约50毫秒的潜伏期。这与前额叶皮层和前运动皮层激活小脑并反过来刺激运动皮层执行运动的假设是一致的。苔藓纤维反应随学习过程的进行而增强，这与大脑皮层区场电位分析的结果一致.前肢运动皮层的时间局部冷却导致对侧反应时间运动的虚弱和缓慢。分析表明，在运动皮层降温过程中，躯体感觉皮层的代偿运动功能虽然微弱、缓慢，但对运动的执行有一定的贡献.运动前区皮层的局部冷却使获得的视觉-运动整合分离，也使反应时间更长，变化更大。弓前区冷却只引起后一种效果的前运动皮层冷却。对前额叶皮层其他区域的高级整合功能进行了研究，得到了一些值得进一步研究的结果。少

Mechanisms of initiation, control and learning of voluntary movements were investigated by using monkeys (Macaca fuscata). They were trained with visually-initiated, reaction-time hand movements and field potentials in the cerebral cortex and the cerebellar cortex associated with the movement were recorded and analysed with electrodes chronically implanted in these cortices. Also a local cooling method was applied to different areas of the cerebral cortex, and changes of the movement and cortical field potentials were explored during the cooling. Results will be summarized as below.1. Characteristic field potentials prior to the movement were recorded respectively in the prefrontal, premotor, motor, somatosensory, prestriate, striate cortex etc. Increasing activities of the prefrontal, especially "prearcuate", and the premotor cortices appeared to correlate to "recognition learning" associating the visual stimulus to the movement. Recruitment of the cerebro-cerebellar interaction was a … More ttributed to attaining "skill learning" improving the timing of reaction-time movement.2. Chronic recording from the cerebellar cortex, particularly the crus <II> of the cerebellar hemisphere, revealed that mossy fibre responses are induced at a latency of about 50 ms after the onset of visual stimulus. This is consistent with the assumption that the prefrontal and premotor cortices activate the cerebellum and in turn excite the motor cortex to execute the movement. The mossy fibre response was found to increase in accordance with the learning processes in agreement with the results of field potential analyses in the cerebral cortical areas.3. Temporal local cooling of the forelimb motor cortex resulted in weakness and slowness of the reaction-time movement on the contralateral side. Analyses revealed that the compensatory motor function of the somatosensory cortex contributes to the execution of the movement during the motor cortex cooling although weak and slow.4. Local cooling of the premotor cortex dissociated the aquired visuo-motor integration, and also made reaction times longer and more variable. The prearcuate area cooling induced only the latter effect of the premotor cortex cooling. The higher integrative function of other areas in the prefrontal cortex was investigated and results inspiring further studies were obtained. Less