English Grammar in a Dynamic Theory of Language

1.可获得的语法集合的特征不是乔姆斯基的理论中的成人语法的性质，而是语言习得中间阶段的语法性质的发展规律，如Kajita(1977)的动态模型。通过对现代英语中的各种结构和子结构的详细研究，证明了动态模型的优越性。这些结构包括句子补语、关系结构、并列结构、插入结构、名词性结构、形容词结构和程度表达。在词汇形态、音位、语义、语用、语言习得和历史句法方面的案例研究进一步支持了这一观点。基本形式在已有模式的基础上扩展为派生形式的过程遵循着“中心-非中心冲突的消解”、“提取-插入-删除的本地化”、“潜在意义的实现”、“句法-语义重叠而扩展”等发展规律。建立在相对边缘现象基础上的发展规律可以有效地用于处理更核心的问题，例如，句法范畴的概念，所谓的格关系，以及回指。根据发展规律所确定的基本-派生关系，可以改进语言教材的选择和组织。

1. The set of attainable grammars is to be characterized, not in terms of the properties of adult grammars alone, as in Chomsky's theory, but in terms of developmental laws that make crucial reference to the properties of the grammars at the intermediate stages of language acquisition, as in Kajita's (1977) dynamic model.2. The superiority of the dynamic model is demonstrated by detailed investigations of various constructions and subconstructions in Modern English ranging over sentential complementation, relativization, coordination, parenthetical formation, nominal constructions, adjectival constructions and degree expressions. Further support is given by case studies in lexicomorphology, phonology, semantics, pragmatics, language acquisition, and historical syntax.3. The extension of a basic form into a derivative form on the basis of a certain existing model is governed by developmental laws such as 'resolution of head-nonhead conflict', 'localization by extraction-insertion-deletion', 'realization of potential meaning', and 'expansion due to syntactico-semantic overlap'.4. The developmental laws established on the basis of relatively peripheral phenomena can be fruitfully utilized in dealing with more central issues involving, for example, the notion of 'syntactic category', so-called Case relations, and anaphora.5. The selection and organization of language-teaching materials can be improved in light of the basic-derivative relation determined by the developmental laws.