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English Grammar in a Dynamic Theory of Language

动态语言理论中的英语语法

基本信息

批准号：
60301062
负责人：
KAJITA Masaru
金额：
$ 2.62万
依托单位：
Tokyo Gakugei University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1986
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60301062/
关键词：
Grammatical theory Modern English Syntax 言語習得

项目摘要

1. The set of attainable grammars is to be characterized, not in terms of the properties of adult grammars alone, as in Chomsky's theory, but in terms of developmental laws that make crucial reference to the properties of the grammars at the intermediate stages of language acquisition, as in Kajita's (1977) dynamic model.2. The superiority of the dynamic model is demonstrated by detailed investigations of various constructions and subconstructions in Modern English ranging over sentential complementation, relativization, coordination, parenthetical formation, nominal constructions, adjectival constructions and degree expressions. Further support is given by case studies in lexicomorphology, phonology, semantics, pragmatics, language acquisition, and historical syntax.3. The extension of a basic form into a derivative form on the basis of a certain existing model is governed by developmental laws such as 'resolution of head-nonhead conflict', 'localization by extraction-insertion-deletion', 'realization of potential meaning', and 'expansion due to syntactico-semantic overlap'.4. The developmental laws established on the basis of relatively peripheral phenomena can be fruitfully utilized in dealing with more central issues involving, for example, the notion of 'syntactic category', so-called Case relations, and anaphora.5. The selection and organization of language-teaching materials can be improved in light of the basic-derivative relation determined by the developmental laws.

1. 可获得的语法集不应像乔姆斯基的理论那样仅以成人语法的特性来描述，而应像Kajita（1977）的动态模型那样，以语言习得中间阶段的语法特性为关键参考的发展规律来描述。通过对现代英语中各种结构和子结构的详细研究，论证了动态模式的优越性，这些结构和子结构包括句子的补充、相对化、配合、括号结构、名目结构、形容词结构和程度表达。在词汇形态学、音韵学、语义学、语用学、语言习得和历史句法方面的案例研究提供了进一步的支持。基本形式在某种现有模式的基础上向衍生形式的扩展受“头-非头冲突的解决”、“通过抽取-插入-删除进行定位”、“潜在意义的实现”和“由于句法-语义重叠而进行扩展”等发展规律的支配。建立在相对外围现象基础上的发展规律可以有效地用于处理更核心的问题，例如，“句法范畴”的概念、所谓的格关系和回指。根据发展规律所决定的基本衍生关系，可以改进语文教材的选择和组织。