Regulation of Gonadotrophins by the Non-Steroidal Substance Produced in the Ovary

本研究的目的有两个方面：1)纯化卵巢中产生的非甾体类物质，并确定其调节促性腺激素分泌的生化和生物学特性。2)比较该物质在哺乳动物和鸟类卵泡生长过程和/或排卵中的作用。田中康作博士从鸡破裂的卵泡中提取了一种不耐热的小分子物质。这种名为“产卵诱导因子”(OOIF)的物质被发现能诱导精氨酸催产素的释放。岛田博士指出，在排卵时，第一个最大卵泡的膜层中的前列腺素含量达到最高水平。横山博士与田中克德博士合作发现，在黄体生成素激增之前，儿茶酚胺的含量就增加了。基于这一发现，田中博士将颗粒细胞与去甲肾上腺素和/或黄体生成素孵育，并提出鸡卵泡中的去甲肾上腺素可能增加了颗粒细胞中的黄体生成素受体。佐藤博士试图提纯两种物质：抑制减数分裂的物质和防止卵子退化的物质。后者是从牛卵泡液中提取出来的物质，存在于糖胺多聚糖组分中。Sasamoto博士研究了卵巢中抑制素和类固醇产生之间的关系，并证明了在大鼠切除垂体后，雌激素比抑制素消失得更快。两年的时间不足以实现这两个目的。虽然我们不能处理上面提到的第二个目的，但我相信，我们在卵巢物质方面的工作对鸟类和哺乳动物的性腺内分泌控制做出了巨大贡献。

The purpose of this research is two fold: 1) To purify the non-steroidal substance produced in the ovary and to determine the biochemical and biological characteristics of this dubstance in regulating the secretion of gonadotrophins. 2) To compare the role of the substance in the follicular growing process and/or in ovulation in the mammal with that in the bird. Dr. Kosaku Tanaka extracted a heat labile, small molecular weight substance from the ruptured follicle in the chicken. This substance named "oviposition inducing factor (OOIF) was found to induce the release of arginine vasotocin. Dr. Shimada showed that prostaglandin contents in the thecal layer of the lst largest follicle reached maximum level at the time of ovulation. Dr. Yokoyama, in collaboration with Dr. Katuhide Tanaka, found that catecholamine contents increased before LH surge. Based on this finding, Dr. Tanaka incubated the granulosa cells with norepinephrine and/or LH and suggested the possibility that norepinephrine in the follicle of the chicken increased LH receptors in granulosa cells. Dr. Sato tried to purify 2 substances: The meiosis inhibiting substance and the ovum degeneration preventing substance. The latter substance that had been extracted from the follicular fluid of bovine follicles was found in the fraction of glycosaminoglycans. Dr. Sasamoto worked on the relationship between inhibin production and steroid production in the ovary and demonstrated that estrogen disappeared more quickly than inhibin after hypophysectomy in the rat.Two years are not long enough to accomplish two purposes. Although we are not able to deal with the 2nd purpose raised above, I am sure, our works on the ovarian substance make a great contribution to the endocrinological control of the gonads in birds and mammals.