Developmental and neurophysiological studies of optokinetic response in the fish.

视动反应（Optokinetic response，OKR）是脊椎动物在自我运动或随视觉环境被动漂移时的一种注视稳定行为。OKR分为跟随反应（FR）和视动性眼球震颤（OKN）。OKN似乎对所有脊椎动物都是必不可少的，因为它已经在鱼类，两栖动物，爬行动物，鸟类和哺乳动物中观察到。这种反射性行为的相对刻板的特征是不复杂的固定的选择性视觉注意，所以它使OKN容易获得的描述性和实验分析。由于硬骨鱼的大脑与其他高等脊椎动物相比显得原始和简单，它们已被证明是研究感觉输入和运动输出之间的干预神经回路的特别好的对象。采用行为学和形态学方法，研究了青鳉仔鱼和出壳后0-200天成鱼的视力发育 关于我们 方法。监测了鱼对绕实验船旋转的黑色和白色等距垂直条纹图案的OKR。在孵化后的第一个14天，视力急剧改善。在孵化后的14天内，视锥细胞的数量和视敏度也有不同程度的变化。讨论了行为敏锐度与形态敏锐度之间的差异.（1）研究了非尖化日本？（Tribolodonhakonensis）和青？（Oryziaslatipes）在旋转垂直条纹鼓诱发OKN和自发性眼球运动过程中眼丘核内单个单位的放电模式。本文还讨论了眼神经核内单个单位的放电模式与眼球运动控制系统之间的关系。（2）电刺激丘脑-顶盖前区可诱发OKN。电刺激时双眼均出现眼球震颤，且持续时间较长。本文从电生理学和神经解剖学的角度研究了雅罗鱼和青鳉中脑中与视觉有关的不同区域。确定了记录部位的解剖学分类。少

Optokinetic response (OKR) is a well-examined behavior in vertebrates which serves gaze stabilization during self-motion or passive drifts with the visual environment. OKR is divided into classes the Following response (FR) and the Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). The OKN appears to be essential for all vertebrates, since it has been observed in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. The relatively stereotyped characteristicd of this reflexive behavior are unaccomplicated by fixation of selective visual attention, so that it makes OKN readily accessible for both descriptive and experimental analysis. Because the brains of teleost fishes appear primitive and simple in comparison to other higher vertebrates, they have proven to be exceptionally good subjects for studies on intervening neuronal circuits between sensory input and motor output.1. The visual acuity development in the larval and adult medaka (0-200 days after hatching) was investigated by means of behavioral and morpholog … More ical methods. OKR of the fish to the black and white equidistant vertical striped patterns, which turned round the experimental vessel, were monitored. The visual acuity improved drastically during first 14 days after hatching. During 14 days after hatching, there are another effects for the visual acuity as well as the numbers of cones. The disparity between the behavioral acuity and the morphological acuity value was discussed.2. (1)The discharge patterns of single units in the oculomotor nucleus of the non-curarized Japanese dace (Tribolodon hakonensis) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) were studied during OKN which is induced by a rotating vertical striped drum and during spontaneous eye movements. The relationships between the discharge patterns of single units in the oculomotor nucleus and the control systems of eye movements is discussed. (2)OKN of both fishes was induced by the electrical stimulation of the thalamic-pretectal region in the brain. Nystagmus always occurred in both eyes and lasted during the electrical stimulation. The various visually related regions in the midbrain were investigated electrophysiologically and neuroanatomically in the dace and medaka. The anatomical classification of the recordings sites were identified. Less