Developmental and neurophysiological studies of optokinetic response in the fish.

视动反应(OKR)是脊椎动物的一种被广泛研究的行为，它在视觉环境的自我运动或被动漂移过程中起到稳定凝视的作用。OKR分为以下反应(FR)和视动性眼震(OKN)。OKN似乎对所有脊椎动物都是必不可少的，因为它已经在鱼、两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物身上观察到。这种反身性行为的相对刻板印象的特征是选择性视觉注意的固定不能完成的，因此它使得OKN易于进行描述性和实验分析。由于硬骨鱼的大脑与其他高等脊椎动物相比显得原始而简单，它们已被证明是研究感觉输入和运动输出之间的中间神经元电路的特别好的对象。用行为学和形态计量学的…方法研究了青竹幼虫和成虫(孵化后0~200d)的视力发育更传统的方法。监测鱼对黑白等距垂直条纹图案的OKR，这些条纹图案绕过实验容器。在孵化后的前14天内，视力显著提高。在孵化后14天内，对视敏度和视锥细胞的数量有另一种影响。讨论了行为敏感度与形态敏感度之间的差异。(1)研究了旋转垂直条纹鼓诱发OKN和自发性眼动时，非卷曲日本鱼(Tribolodon Hakonensis)和青海鱼(Medaka)动眼神经核单单位的放电模式。讨论了动眼神经核单单位放电模式与眼动控制系统的关系。(2)电刺激丘脑-顶盖前区可诱发两种鱼的OKN。眼球震颤多见于双眼，且在电刺激过程中持续。从电生理学和神经解剖学的角度对Dace和Medaka的中脑各视觉相关区域进行了研究。确定了记录部位的解剖分类。较少

Optokinetic response (OKR) is a well-examined behavior in vertebrates which serves gaze stabilization during self-motion or passive drifts with the visual environment. OKR is divided into classes the Following response (FR) and the Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). The OKN appears to be essential for all vertebrates, since it has been observed in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. The relatively stereotyped characteristicd of this reflexive behavior are unaccomplicated by fixation of selective visual attention, so that it makes OKN readily accessible for both descriptive and experimental analysis. Because the brains of teleost fishes appear primitive and simple in comparison to other higher vertebrates, they have proven to be exceptionally good subjects for studies on intervening neuronal circuits between sensory input and motor output.1. The visual acuity development in the larval and adult medaka (0-200 days after hatching) was investigated by means of behavioral and morpholog … More ical methods. OKR of the fish to the black and white equidistant vertical striped patterns, which turned round the experimental vessel, were monitored. The visual acuity improved drastically during first 14 days after hatching. During 14 days after hatching, there are another effects for the visual acuity as well as the numbers of cones. The disparity between the behavioral acuity and the morphological acuity value was discussed.2. (1)The discharge patterns of single units in the oculomotor nucleus of the non-curarized Japanese dace (Tribolodon hakonensis) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) were studied during OKN which is induced by a rotating vertical striped drum and during spontaneous eye movements. The relationships between the discharge patterns of single units in the oculomotor nucleus and the control systems of eye movements is discussed. (2)OKN of both fishes was induced by the electrical stimulation of the thalamic-pretectal region in the brain. Nystagmus always occurred in both eyes and lasted during the electrical stimulation. The various visually related regions in the midbrain were investigated electrophysiologically and neuroanatomically in the dace and medaka. The anatomical classification of the recordings sites were identified. Less