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Research on the design of extractant/diluent and equipments for the separation and purification of heavy metals.

重金属分离纯化萃取剂/稀释剂及设备设计研究。

基本信息

批准号：
60550678
负责人：
KOMASAWA Isao
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1986
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60550678/
关键词：
Ammonium salt extractant Ion-association extraction Cobalt extraction Vanadium extraction Diluent 溶媒効果

项目摘要

The extraction of hydrochloric acid by tri-n-octylmethylammonium chloride was investigated as a basis for the study of the metal extraction from this acid solution, employing diluents with differing solvating characteristics to the extractant, such as benzene, xylene, chloroform and 2-ethylhexyl alcohol. Extraction equilibrium formulations were established for each diluent system. These are reasonably interpreted by the solvation effect of each diluent employed.The extraction of metals such as cobalt and vanadium was studied employing benzene to weakly solvate the extractant. In benzene, the extractant was found in the study of the acid extraction to need stabilizing molecules to surround itself. An extraction scheme is presented, which assumes that the extraction of metals occurs via reaction with the monochloride acid-complex of the extractant, i.e., via the replacement of water and acid in the extractant hydration sphere by metal ion. The data obtained were successfully analysed according to this scheme.The solvating effect diluent such as chloroform and 2-ethylhexyl alcohol causes a decrease in the requirement for water and acid as stabilizing molecules for the extractant and thus prevents water and acid from taking part in the mechanism of metal extraction. This effect simplifies the mechanism of metal extraction. The principal effect is, however, to reduce the extraction performance of the extractant due to stabilization with the diluent. Actually, the extractant is stabilized by forming a bisolvate with alcohol molecules.Continuous flow extraction was successfully operated, using one stage mixer-settler and employing xylene as a diluent, under the conditions of mean residence time of solutions of about 5 min in the mixer and about 10 min in the settler. The extraction equilibrium in the mixer and complete phase separation in the settler have been met satisfactorily.

研究了三辛基甲基氯化铵萃取盐酸的行为，并在此基础上研究了苯、二甲苯、氯仿和2-乙基己醇等不同溶剂化特性的稀释剂对盐酸溶液中金属的萃取。建立了各稀释剂系统的浸提平衡配方。用苯弱溶剂化萃取剂对钴、钒等金属的萃取进行了研究。在苯中，在酸萃取的研究中发现萃取剂需要稳定化分子来包围自身。提出了一种萃取方案，该方案假定金属的萃取是通过与萃取剂的一氯化物酸络合物反应发生的，即，通过金属离子置换萃取剂水合球中的水和酸。按此方案成功地分析了所获得的数据，由于氯仿和2-乙基己醇等溶剂化效应稀释剂减少了作为萃取剂稳定分子的水和酸的需求，从而避免了水和酸参与金属萃取机理。这种效应简化了金属萃取的机理。然而，主要影响是由于稀释剂的稳定性而降低了萃取剂的萃取性能。采用单级混合澄清器，以二甲苯为稀释剂，溶液在混合器中的平均停留时间约为5 min，在澄清器中的平均停留时间约为10 min，成功地进行了连续流萃取。在混合器中达到萃取平衡，在沉降器中达到完全相分离。