Preparation and Processing of Quantum-sized Ultrafine Particles : Preparation and Utilization of Advanced Composite Materials

1. 纳米颗粒在反胶束体系中的制备：形成机理和粒径分布分析及其应用。研究了制备高浓度镉纳米粒子的方法。建立了一个种群平衡模型，可以很好地表达颗粒形成过程中粒径分布的变化。对反胶束制备的纳米粒子进行了AFM测试。光催化CdS纳米颗粒表面改性在聚合物和二氧化硅基体中的固定化研究。采用反胶束法制备巯基包覆的CdS纳米颗粒，通过聚合合适的单体将其固定在聚硫脲或聚氨酯中。所制备的复合材料可以作为光催化剂，也可以通过浇铸复合材料的DMF溶液制备cds -聚乙烯透明膜。在CdS纳米粒子上包覆具有甲氧基的硫醇分子，然后用溶胶-凝胶法制备sil - More ica基质，得到CdS-二氧化硅胶体和CdS-二氧化硅玻璃，通过改变CdS纳米颗粒的大小可以很好地控制CdS-二氧化硅的吸收特性。原位聚合法将反胶束形成的纳米颗粒固定化到聚合物基质中。通过添加二异氰酸酯，将反胶束形成的纳米颗粒固定在聚脲中。将含CdS纳米颗粒的聚脲用作光催化剂，制备了透明薄膜。在含乙二醇的反胶束溶液中加入二异氰酸酯，制备了含cds的聚氨酯。在制备CdS纳米颗粒后，通过在反胶束体系中聚合表面活性剂，采用可聚合表面活性剂制备复合材料。从反胶束直接回收和固定CdS纳米颗粒到巯基改性聚苯乙烯颗粒。在反胶束溶液中制备的CdS纳米颗粒被回收并固定在巯基改性聚苯乙烯颗粒上。所制备的复合材料可作为光催化剂，并通过控制纳米颗粒的大小来精确控制其光催化性能。CdS纳米颗粒在介孔二氧化硅中的粒径选择性掺入。将反胶束法制备的CdS纳米颗粒掺入巯基改性MCM-41 （FM41）介孔材料中，并将其分为大孔径（L-FM41）、中孔径（M-FM41）和小孔径（S-FM41）。观察到FM41的颗粒筛分效应，即随着颗粒尺寸的增加和FM41孔径的减小，CdS纳米颗粒的掺入减少。所制备的CdS-FM41复合材料对水中产氢具有光催化活性。少

1. Preparation of Nanoparticles in Reverse Micellar Systems : Analyses of Formation Mechanism and Size Distribution, and Application. The methods for preparation of CdS nanoparticles of high concentration were developed. A population balance model was developed which could express the particle size distribution change during the particle formation. AFM measurements for nanoparticles prepared in reverse micelles were also conducted.2. Immobilization of Photocatalytic CdS Nanoparticles into Polymer and Silica Matrices via Surface Modification. Thiol-capped CdS nanoparticles prepared in reverse micellar system were immobilized into polythiourethane or polyurethane via polymerization of appropriate monomer. The resulting composites could be utilized as photocatalysts, and also the CdS-polyurthene transparent film could be prepared by casting a DMF solution of the composites. CdS nanoparticles were also capped with thiol molecules having methoxy group, followed by sol-gel preparation of sil … More ica matrices, to give CdS-silica colloids and CdS-silica glass, of which absorption characteristics were well-controlled by changing thc CdS nanoparticle size.3. Immobilization of Nanoparticles Formed in Reverse Micelles into Polymer Matrices via in situ Polymerization Method. Nanoparticles formed in reverse micelles were immobilized into polyurea by adding diisocyanate. The polyurea containing CdS nanoparticles was utilized as photocatalysts, and could be processed to make transparent film. CdS-containing polyurethane was also prepared by adding diisocyanate into ethyleneglycol-containing reverse micellar solution. A polymerizable surfactant was employed to give composites, via polymerization of surfactants in reverse micellar systems following preparation of CdS nanoparticles.4. Direct Recovery and Immobilization of CdS Nanoparticles from Reverse Micelles onto Thiol-Modified Polystylene Particles. CdS nanoprticles prepared in reverse micellar solution were recovered and immobilized onto thiol-modified polystylene particles. The resulting composite could be utilized as photocatalysts, and the photocatalytic properties were controlled precisely by controlling the nanoparticle size.5. Size-Selective Incorporation of CdS Nanoparticles into Mesoporous Silica. CdS nanoparticles prepared in reverse micellar systems were incorporated into thiol-modified MCM-41 (FM41) mesoporous material, of differing pore sizes, designated as large (L-FM41), middle (M-FM41), and small (S-FM41). A particle-sieving effect of the FM41 was observed, in that the incorporation of the CdS nanoparticles was decreased by increased size of particle, and by a decreasing pore size of the FM41. The resulting CdS-FM41 composite showed photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation from water. Less