Preparation and Processing of Quantum-sized Ultrafine Particles : Preparation and Utilization of Advanced Composite Materials

1.反胶束体系中纳米粒子的制备：形成机理、粒径分布分析及应用。发展了高浓度CdS纳米粒子的制备方法。建立了一个能描述颗粒形成过程中颗粒尺寸分布变化的粒子数平衡模型。并对反胶束中制备的纳米粒子进行了AFM测量.通过表面修饰将光催化CdS纳米颗粒固定到聚合物和二氧化硅基质中。采用反胶束体系制备了巯基封端的CdS纳米粒子，并通过适当的单体聚合将其固定在聚硫氨酯或聚氨酯中。所得复合材料可用作光催化剂，也可以通过浇铸复合材料的DMF溶液来制备CdS-聚氨酯透明膜。CdS纳米粒子也被带有甲氧基的硫醇分子所包覆，然后通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了银纳米粒子。 ...更多信息 伊卡基质，得到CdS-二氧化硅胶体和CdS-二氧化硅玻璃，通过改变CdS纳米颗粒的尺寸，可以很好地控制其吸收特性.原位聚合法将反胶束中形成的纳米粒子固定到聚合物基体中。通过添加二异氰酸酯将反胶束中形成的纳米粒子固定到聚脲中。利用含CdS纳米粒子的聚脲作为光催化剂，并可加工成透明膜。通过在含乙二醇的反胶束溶液中加入二异氰酸酯，制备了含CdS的聚氨酯。采用可聚合表面活性剂，通过表面活性剂在反胶束体系中的聚合反应制备CdS纳米粒子.硫化镉纳米粒子从反胶束中直接回收并固定在巯基修饰的聚苯乙烯粒子上。在反胶束溶液中制备的CdS纳米粒子被回收并固定到硫醇修饰的聚苯乙烯颗粒上。所得复合材料可用作光催化剂，通过控制纳米粒子的粒径可以精确控制其光催化性能. CdS纳米粒子在介孔二氧化硅中的尺寸选择性掺入。在反胶束体系中制备的CdS纳米粒子被引入到硫醇改性的MCM-41（FM 41）介孔材料中，具有不同的孔径，命名为大（L-FM 41）、中（M-FM 41）和小（S-FM 41）。观察到FM 41的颗粒筛分效应，其中CdS纳米颗粒的掺入通过颗粒尺寸的增加和FM 41的孔径的减小而降低。所得的CdS-FM 41复合物显示出光催化活性，从水制氢。少

1. Preparation of Nanoparticles in Reverse Micellar Systems : Analyses of Formation Mechanism and Size Distribution, and Application. The methods for preparation of CdS nanoparticles of high concentration were developed. A population balance model was developed which could express the particle size distribution change during the particle formation. AFM measurements for nanoparticles prepared in reverse micelles were also conducted.2. Immobilization of Photocatalytic CdS Nanoparticles into Polymer and Silica Matrices via Surface Modification. Thiol-capped CdS nanoparticles prepared in reverse micellar system were immobilized into polythiourethane or polyurethane via polymerization of appropriate monomer. The resulting composites could be utilized as photocatalysts, and also the CdS-polyurthene transparent film could be prepared by casting a DMF solution of the composites. CdS nanoparticles were also capped with thiol molecules having methoxy group, followed by sol-gel preparation of sil … More ica matrices, to give CdS-silica colloids and CdS-silica glass, of which absorption characteristics were well-controlled by changing thc CdS nanoparticle size.3. Immobilization of Nanoparticles Formed in Reverse Micelles into Polymer Matrices via in situ Polymerization Method. Nanoparticles formed in reverse micelles were immobilized into polyurea by adding diisocyanate. The polyurea containing CdS nanoparticles was utilized as photocatalysts, and could be processed to make transparent film. CdS-containing polyurethane was also prepared by adding diisocyanate into ethyleneglycol-containing reverse micellar solution. A polymerizable surfactant was employed to give composites, via polymerization of surfactants in reverse micellar systems following preparation of CdS nanoparticles.4. Direct Recovery and Immobilization of CdS Nanoparticles from Reverse Micelles onto Thiol-Modified Polystylene Particles. CdS nanoprticles prepared in reverse micellar solution were recovered and immobilized onto thiol-modified polystylene particles. The resulting composite could be utilized as photocatalysts, and the photocatalytic properties were controlled precisely by controlling the nanoparticle size.5. Size-Selective Incorporation of CdS Nanoparticles into Mesoporous Silica. CdS nanoparticles prepared in reverse micellar systems were incorporated into thiol-modified MCM-41 (FM41) mesoporous material, of differing pore sizes, designated as large (L-FM41), middle (M-FM41), and small (S-FM41). A particle-sieving effect of the FM41 was observed, in that the incorporation of the CdS nanoparticles was decreased by increased size of particle, and by a decreasing pore size of the FM41. The resulting CdS-FM41 composite showed photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation from water. Less