Preparation and Processing of Quantum-sized Ultrafine Particles : Preparation and Utilization of Advanced Composite Materials

1.反胶束体系中纳米粒子的制备：形成机理、粒径分布分析及应用研究了高浓度硫化镉纳米粒子的制备方法。建立了描述颗粒形成过程中颗粒大小分布变化的种群平衡模型。对反胶束法制备的纳米粒子也进行了原子力显微镜测量。光催化纳米硫化镉在聚合物和二氧化硅基质中的表面修饰固定化在反胶束体系中制备了硫醇修饰的硫化镉纳米粒子，并通过聚合反应将其固定在聚硫醚或聚氨基甲酸乙酯中。所得复合材料可以作为光催化剂，也可以通过浇铸复合材料的DMF溶液来制备硫化镉-聚脲透明膜。用含甲氧基的硫醇分子包覆了硫化镉纳米粒子，然后用溶胶-凝胶法制备了sIL-…更多的ICA基质，得到了CdS-SiO_2胶体和CDS-SiO_2玻璃，它们的吸收特性可以通过改变CDS纳米颗粒的大小来很好地控制。通过原位聚合方法将反胶束中形成的纳米颗粒固定到聚合物基质中。通过加入二异氰酸酯将反胶束中形成的纳米粒子固定到聚脲中。将含有硫化镉纳米粒子的聚脲作为光催化剂，可以加工成透明薄膜。在含乙二醇反胶束溶液中加入二异氰酸酯制备了含硫化镉的聚氨酯。在制备纳米硫化镉的基础上，通过反胶束体系中表面活性剂的聚合，用可聚合的表面活性剂制备了复合材料。直接从反胶束中回收和固定化硫化镉纳米颗粒到硫醇修饰的聚乙烯颗粒上。回收在反胶束溶液中制备的硫化镉纳米颗粒，并将其固定在硫醇修饰的聚苯乙烯颗粒上。所得复合材料可作为光催化剂使用，并通过控制纳米粒子的大小来精确控制其光催化性能。尺寸选择性地将硫化镉纳米颗粒引入介孔二氧化硅。采用反胶束法制备了不同孔径的硫醇修饰MCM-41介孔材料，分别命名为大(L-FM41)、中(M-FM41)和小(S-FM41)。观察到了FM41的颗粒筛选效应，即随着颗粒尺寸的增大和FM41孔径的减小，CDS纳米颗粒的掺入量减少。所得的CdS-FM41复合材料对水中制氢具有光催化活性。较少

1. Preparation of Nanoparticles in Reverse Micellar Systems : Analyses of Formation Mechanism and Size Distribution, and Application. The methods for preparation of CdS nanoparticles of high concentration were developed. A population balance model was developed which could express the particle size distribution change during the particle formation. AFM measurements for nanoparticles prepared in reverse micelles were also conducted.2. Immobilization of Photocatalytic CdS Nanoparticles into Polymer and Silica Matrices via Surface Modification. Thiol-capped CdS nanoparticles prepared in reverse micellar system were immobilized into polythiourethane or polyurethane via polymerization of appropriate monomer. The resulting composites could be utilized as photocatalysts, and also the CdS-polyurthene transparent film could be prepared by casting a DMF solution of the composites. CdS nanoparticles were also capped with thiol molecules having methoxy group, followed by sol-gel preparation of sil … More ica matrices, to give CdS-silica colloids and CdS-silica glass, of which absorption characteristics were well-controlled by changing thc CdS nanoparticle size.3. Immobilization of Nanoparticles Formed in Reverse Micelles into Polymer Matrices via in situ Polymerization Method. Nanoparticles formed in reverse micelles were immobilized into polyurea by adding diisocyanate. The polyurea containing CdS nanoparticles was utilized as photocatalysts, and could be processed to make transparent film. CdS-containing polyurethane was also prepared by adding diisocyanate into ethyleneglycol-containing reverse micellar solution. A polymerizable surfactant was employed to give composites, via polymerization of surfactants in reverse micellar systems following preparation of CdS nanoparticles.4. Direct Recovery and Immobilization of CdS Nanoparticles from Reverse Micelles onto Thiol-Modified Polystylene Particles. CdS nanoprticles prepared in reverse micellar solution were recovered and immobilized onto thiol-modified polystylene particles. The resulting composite could be utilized as photocatalysts, and the photocatalytic properties were controlled precisely by controlling the nanoparticle size.5. Size-Selective Incorporation of CdS Nanoparticles into Mesoporous Silica. CdS nanoparticles prepared in reverse micellar systems were incorporated into thiol-modified MCM-41 (FM41) mesoporous material, of differing pore sizes, designated as large (L-FM41), middle (M-FM41), and small (S-FM41). A particle-sieving effect of the FM41 was observed, in that the incorporation of the CdS nanoparticles was decreased by increased size of particle, and by a decreasing pore size of the FM41. The resulting CdS-FM41 composite showed photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation from water. Less