Development of Processing Technology for Nanoparticles as Advanced Materials

近年来，纳米颗粒的制备和加工受到了广泛的关注，因为它们具有与尺寸相关的光物理和光化学性质，如量子尺寸效应。本课题主要研究基于半导体纳米颗粒加工技术制备光催化剂等新型功能材料。从反胶束直接回收和固定CdS和RuS_2纳米粒子到巯基改性聚苯乙烯和氧化铝颗粒。在反胶束溶液中制备了CdS纳米粒子，通过简单添加载体和轻微搅拌，将CdS纳米粒子固定在醇改性聚苯乙烯和巯基改性氧化铝颗粒上。所制备的复合材料可作为光催化剂，并通过控制纳米颗粒的大小来精确控制其光催化性能。在反胶束溶液中制备了RuS_2纳米颗粒，并将其固定在巯基改性聚苯乙烯颗粒上。CdS纳米颗粒在介孔二氧化硅中的粒径选择性掺入。将反胶束法制备的CdS纳米颗粒掺入巯基改性MCM-41 （FM41）介孔材料中，并将其分为大孔径（L-FM41）、中孔径（M-FM41）和小孔径（S-FM41）。观察到FM41的颗粒筛分效应，即随着颗粒尺寸的增加和FM41孔径的减小，CdS纳米颗粒的掺入减少。所制备的CdS-FM41复合材料对水中产氢具有光催化活性。基于半导体纳米复合材料的复合光催化剂。将CdS纳米颗粒固定在Ti0_2颗粒或硫醇修饰的掺锌Si0_2颗粒上。在一种半导体中产生的光激发电子很好地分离到另一种半导体中，并观察到高性能的光催化制氢。

There has been much interest recently in the preparation and processing of nanoparticles, owing to their size-dependent photophysical and photochemical properties, such as quantum-size effect. In this research project, the preparation of novel functional materials such as photocatalysts, based on the processing technology of semiconductor nanoparticles has been investigated.1. Direct Recovery and Immobilization of CdS and RuS_2 Nanoparticles from Reverse Micelles onto Thiol-Modified Polvstylene and Alumina Particles. CdS nanoprticles prepared in reverse micellar solution were recovered and immobilized onto miol-modified polystylene and thiol-modified alumina particles, via simple addition of the supports and mild stirring. The resulting composites could be utilized as photocatalysts, and the photocatalytic properties were controlled precisely by controlling the nanoparticle size. RuS_2 nanoparticles were also prepared in reverse micellar solution and immobilized onto thiol-modified polystyrene particles.2. Size-Selective Incorporation of CdS Nanoparticles into Mesoporous Silica. CdS nanoparticles prepared in reverse micellar systems were incorporated into thiol-modified MCM-41 (FM41) mesoporous material, of differing pore sizes, designated as large (L-FM41), middle (M-FM41), and small (S-FM41). A particle-sieving effect of the FM41 was observed, in that the incorporation of the CdS nanoparticles was decreased by increased size of particle, and by a decreasing pore size of the FM41. The resulting CdS-FM41 composite showed photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation from water.3. Composite Photocatalysts based on Nanocomposites of Semiconductors. The CdS nanoparticles were immobilized on Ti0_2 particles or thiol-modified Zn-doped Si0_2 particles. The photoexcited electrons generated in one semiconductor were well separated into the other semiconductor, and high performance photocatalytic hydrogen generation was observed.