Development of Processing Technology for Nanoparticles as Advanced Materials

由于纳米粒子具有量子尺寸效应等物理和光化学性质，近年来纳米粒子的制备和加工受到了广泛的关注。本研究项目主要研究基于半导体纳米颗粒加工技术制备光催化剂等新型功能材料。1.反胶束中CdS和RuS_2纳米粒子在巯基改性聚苯乙烯和氧化铝粒子上的直接回收和固定化在反胶束溶液中制备的CdS纳米粒子回收和固定到微球改性的聚苯乙烯和硫醇改性的氧化铝颗粒，通过简单的添加的支持和温和的搅拌。所得复合材料可用作光催化剂，通过控制纳米颗粒的尺寸可以精确地控制其光催化性能。在反胶束溶液中制备了RuS_2纳米粒子，并将其固定在巯基修饰的聚苯乙烯粒子上. CdS纳米粒子在介孔二氧化硅中的尺寸选择性掺入。在反胶束体系中制备的CdS纳米粒子被引入到硫醇改性的MCM-41（FM 41）介孔材料中，具有不同的孔径，命名为大（L-FM 41）、中（M-FM 41）和小（S-FM 41）。观察到FM 41的颗粒筛分效应，其中CdS纳米颗粒的掺入通过颗粒尺寸的增加和FM 41的孔径的减小而降低。所得CdS-FM 41复合材料表现出光催化制氢活性.基于半导体纳米复合材料的复合光催化剂。将CdS纳米颗粒固定在TiO_2颗粒或巯基修饰的Zn掺杂SiO_2颗粒上。在一个半导体中产生的光激发电子被很好地分离到另一个半导体中，并且观察到高性能的光催化制氢。

There has been much interest recently in the preparation and processing of nanoparticles, owing to their size-dependent photophysical and photochemical properties, such as quantum-size effect. In this research project, the preparation of novel functional materials such as photocatalysts, based on the processing technology of semiconductor nanoparticles has been investigated.1. Direct Recovery and Immobilization of CdS and RuS_2 Nanoparticles from Reverse Micelles onto Thiol-Modified Polvstylene and Alumina Particles. CdS nanoprticles prepared in reverse micellar solution were recovered and immobilized onto miol-modified polystylene and thiol-modified alumina particles, via simple addition of the supports and mild stirring. The resulting composites could be utilized as photocatalysts, and the photocatalytic properties were controlled precisely by controlling the nanoparticle size. RuS_2 nanoparticles were also prepared in reverse micellar solution and immobilized onto thiol-modified polystyrene particles.2. Size-Selective Incorporation of CdS Nanoparticles into Mesoporous Silica. CdS nanoparticles prepared in reverse micellar systems were incorporated into thiol-modified MCM-41 (FM41) mesoporous material, of differing pore sizes, designated as large (L-FM41), middle (M-FM41), and small (S-FM41). A particle-sieving effect of the FM41 was observed, in that the incorporation of the CdS nanoparticles was decreased by increased size of particle, and by a decreasing pore size of the FM41. The resulting CdS-FM41 composite showed photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation from water.3. Composite Photocatalysts based on Nanocomposites of Semiconductors. The CdS nanoparticles were immobilized on Ti0_2 particles or thiol-modified Zn-doped Si0_2 particles. The photoexcited electrons generated in one semiconductor were well separated into the other semiconductor, and high performance photocatalytic hydrogen generation was observed.