Development of Processing Technology for Nanoparticles as Advanced Materials

由于纳米粒子具有尺寸相关的光物理和光化学性质，如量子尺寸效应，近年来纳米粒子的制备和加工引起了人们的极大兴趣。在本研究项目中，基于半导体纳米粒子的加工技术，对光催化剂等新型功能材料的制备进行了研究。直接从反胶束中回收和固定硫化镉和RuS_2纳米粒子到硫醇修饰的聚苯乙烯和氧化铝粒子上。通过简单的载体加入和温和搅拌，回收在反胶束溶液中制备的硫化镉纳米颗粒，并将其固定在MIOL改性的聚苯乙烯和硫醇改性的氧化铝颗粒上。所得复合材料可作为光催化剂使用，并通过控制纳米颗粒的大小精确控制其光催化性能。在反胶束溶液中制备了RuS_2纳米粒子，并将其固定在硫醇修饰的聚苯乙烯粒子上。尺寸选择性地将硫化镉纳米颗粒引入介孔二氧化硅。采用反胶束法制备了不同孔径的硫醇修饰MCM-41介孔材料，分别命名为大(L-FM41)、中(M-FM41)和小(S-FM41)。观察到了FM41的颗粒筛选效应，即随着颗粒尺寸的增大和FM41孔径的减小，CDS纳米颗粒的掺入量减少。所得的CDS-FM41复合材料对水制氢具有光催化活性。基于半导体纳米复合材料的复合光催化剂。将硫化镉纳米颗粒固定在二氧化钛颗粒或硫醇修饰的锌掺杂二氧化硅颗粒上。其中一个半导体中产生的光激电子被很好地分离到另一个半导体中，并观察到了高效的光催化氢气产生。

There has been much interest recently in the preparation and processing of nanoparticles, owing to their size-dependent photophysical and photochemical properties, such as quantum-size effect. In this research project, the preparation of novel functional materials such as photocatalysts, based on the processing technology of semiconductor nanoparticles has been investigated.1. Direct Recovery and Immobilization of CdS and RuS_2 Nanoparticles from Reverse Micelles onto Thiol-Modified Polvstylene and Alumina Particles. CdS nanoprticles prepared in reverse micellar solution were recovered and immobilized onto miol-modified polystylene and thiol-modified alumina particles, via simple addition of the supports and mild stirring. The resulting composites could be utilized as photocatalysts, and the photocatalytic properties were controlled precisely by controlling the nanoparticle size. RuS_2 nanoparticles were also prepared in reverse micellar solution and immobilized onto thiol-modified polystyrene particles.2. Size-Selective Incorporation of CdS Nanoparticles into Mesoporous Silica. CdS nanoparticles prepared in reverse micellar systems were incorporated into thiol-modified MCM-41 (FM41) mesoporous material, of differing pore sizes, designated as large (L-FM41), middle (M-FM41), and small (S-FM41). A particle-sieving effect of the FM41 was observed, in that the incorporation of the CdS nanoparticles was decreased by increased size of particle, and by a decreasing pore size of the FM41. The resulting CdS-FM41 composite showed photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation from water.3. Composite Photocatalysts based on Nanocomposites of Semiconductors. The CdS nanoparticles were immobilized on Ti0_2 particles or thiol-modified Zn-doped Si0_2 particles. The photoexcited electrons generated in one semiconductor were well separated into the other semiconductor, and high performance photocatalytic hydrogen generation was observed.