Research on Preparation and Utilization of Functional Nano-Particles Having Finely-Controlled Structure

1.反胶束体系中超微粒子的形成机理。在反胶束体系中，通过混合两种含反应物的反胶束溶液，或向反胶束溶液中加入反应气体，制备了CdS、ZnS、CdS-ZnS复合物、PbS和Ag卤化物等半导体纳米粒子。提出了一个基于反应物溶解、化学反应、成核、颗粒生长和凝聚5个步骤的颗粒形成模型，并将反胶束的动力学相互作用纳入到模型中.反胶束中纳米粒子的光催化反应。研究了光催化还原水制氢和光催化氧化环己烷制氢.纳米粒子的表面改性、回收和再分散。定量研究了在反胶束体系中制备的CdS纳米粒子经硫醇表面改性后再分散到非胶束溶剂中的回收率.光催化CdS纳米粒子在聚硫氨酯中的固定化。在反胶束体系中制备了巯基封端的CdS纳米粒子，并在巯基单体存在下通过聚合将其固定在聚硫氨酯中，制备了纳米CdS-聚合物复合材料作为光催化剂. W/O/W型乳液制备超细粒子的工艺研究。在W/O/W乳状液中，金属离子从外水相中被萃取到有机膜相中，再被反萃到内相中，然后沉淀，在内水滴中制备出亚微米级草酸铜和碳酸钙。可以控制颗粒大小。

1. Mechanism of Formation of Ultrafine Particles in Reverse Micellar Systems. Semiconductor nanoparticles such as CdS,ZnS,composite CdS-ZnS,PbS and Ag halide, were prepared in reverse micelles by mixing of two reverse micellar solutions containig reactants, or by adding reactive gas into reverse micellar solution. A particle formation model based on 5 steps, dissolution of reactants, chemical reaction, nucleation, particle growth and coagulation, was proposed, taking dinamic interaction of reverse micelles into consideration.2. Photocatalytic Reaction on Nanoparticles in Reverse Micelles. Hydrogen generation by photocatalytic reduction of water, and photocatalytic oxidation of cyclohexane were investigated.3. Surface Modification, Recovery and Redispersion of Nanoparticles. Recovery of CdS nanoparticles prepared in reverse micelles via surface-modification with thiols and redisperseion into non-micellar solvent was quantitatively investigated.4. Immobilization of Photocatalytic CdS Nanoparticles in Polythiourethane. Thiol-capped CdS nanoparticles prepared in reverse micellar system were immobilized into polythiourethane via polymerization in the presence of thiol monomer, to make nano CdS-polymer composite matrials utilized as photocatalyst.5. Preparation Process of Fine Particles Using W/O/W Emulsion. Submicron-sized copper oxalate and calcium carbonate were prepared in internal water droplets in W/O/W emulsion, via extraction of metal ions into organic membrane phase from external water phase and stripping of them into the internal phase, followed by precipitation. The particle size could be controlled.