Research on Preparation and Utilization of Functional Nano-Particles Having Finely-Controlled Structure

1. 超细颗粒在反胶束体系中的形成机理。通过将两种含有反应物的反胶束溶液混合或在反胶束溶液中加入反应气体，在反胶束中制备了CdS、ZnS、复合CdS-ZnS、PbS和Ag卤化物等半导体纳米粒子。考虑到反胶束的动态相互作用，提出了一种基于反应物溶解、化学反应、成核、颗粒生长和混凝5个步骤的颗粒形成模型。纳米颗粒在反胶束中的光催化反应。研究了水的光催化还原制氢和环己烷的光催化氧化。纳米颗粒的表面改性、回收和再分散。定量研究了巯基表面改性和再分散到非胶束溶剂中制备的反胶束CdS纳米颗粒的回收。光催化CdS纳米颗粒在聚硫脲中的固定化。采用反胶束法制备巯基包覆CdS纳米粒子，在巯基单体存在下通过聚合将其固定在聚硫脲中，制备纳米CdS-聚合物复合材料作为光催化剂。W/O/W乳液制备细颗粒的工艺研究在W/O/W乳液内水滴中制备亚微米级草酸铜和碳酸钙，方法是将金属离子从外水相中萃取到有机膜相中，再将金属离子析出到内相中，再进行沉淀。颗粒大小是可以控制的。

1. Mechanism of Formation of Ultrafine Particles in Reverse Micellar Systems. Semiconductor nanoparticles such as CdS,ZnS,composite CdS-ZnS,PbS and Ag halide, were prepared in reverse micelles by mixing of two reverse micellar solutions containig reactants, or by adding reactive gas into reverse micellar solution. A particle formation model based on 5 steps, dissolution of reactants, chemical reaction, nucleation, particle growth and coagulation, was proposed, taking dinamic interaction of reverse micelles into consideration.2. Photocatalytic Reaction on Nanoparticles in Reverse Micelles. Hydrogen generation by photocatalytic reduction of water, and photocatalytic oxidation of cyclohexane were investigated.3. Surface Modification, Recovery and Redispersion of Nanoparticles. Recovery of CdS nanoparticles prepared in reverse micelles via surface-modification with thiols and redisperseion into non-micellar solvent was quantitatively investigated.4. Immobilization of Photocatalytic CdS Nanoparticles in Polythiourethane. Thiol-capped CdS nanoparticles prepared in reverse micellar system were immobilized into polythiourethane via polymerization in the presence of thiol monomer, to make nano CdS-polymer composite matrials utilized as photocatalyst.5. Preparation Process of Fine Particles Using W/O/W Emulsion. Submicron-sized copper oxalate and calcium carbonate were prepared in internal water droplets in W/O/W emulsion, via extraction of metal ions into organic membrane phase from external water phase and stripping of them into the internal phase, followed by precipitation. The particle size could be controlled.