Research on Preparation and Utilization of Functional Nano-Particles Having Finely-Controlled Structure

1.反胶束体系中超细粒子的形成机理。将含有反应物的两种反胶束溶液混合，或在反胶束溶液中加入反应气体，在反胶束中制备了半导体纳米粒子，如硫化镉、硫化锌、硫化铅和卤化银。考虑到反胶束的动力学相互作用，提出了基于反应物溶解、化学反应、成核、颗粒生长和凝聚5个步骤的颗粒形成模型。反胶束中纳米粒子的光催化反应。研究了水的光催化还原制氢和环己烷的光催化氧化。纳米颗粒的表面修饰、回收和再分散。定量研究了硫醇表面修饰反胶束法制备的硫化镉纳米粒子在非胶束溶剂中的回收情况。光催化硫化镉纳米颗粒在聚硫醚中的固定化。在硫醇单体存在下，通过聚合的方法将反胶束体系中制备的硫醇修饰的硫化镉纳米粒子固定在聚硫代乙烷中，制得纳米硫化镉-聚合物复合材料作为光催化剂。W/O/W乳状液制备超细粒子的工艺研究在W/O/W乳状液中，通过将金属离子从外水相萃取到有机膜相，反萃取到内相，然后沉淀，在W/O/W乳状液中的内部水滴中制备了亚微米级的草酸铜和碳酸钙。颗粒大小可控。

1. Mechanism of Formation of Ultrafine Particles in Reverse Micellar Systems. Semiconductor nanoparticles such as CdS,ZnS,composite CdS-ZnS,PbS and Ag halide, were prepared in reverse micelles by mixing of two reverse micellar solutions containig reactants, or by adding reactive gas into reverse micellar solution. A particle formation model based on 5 steps, dissolution of reactants, chemical reaction, nucleation, particle growth and coagulation, was proposed, taking dinamic interaction of reverse micelles into consideration.2. Photocatalytic Reaction on Nanoparticles in Reverse Micelles. Hydrogen generation by photocatalytic reduction of water, and photocatalytic oxidation of cyclohexane were investigated.3. Surface Modification, Recovery and Redispersion of Nanoparticles. Recovery of CdS nanoparticles prepared in reverse micelles via surface-modification with thiols and redisperseion into non-micellar solvent was quantitatively investigated.4. Immobilization of Photocatalytic CdS Nanoparticles in Polythiourethane. Thiol-capped CdS nanoparticles prepared in reverse micellar system were immobilized into polythiourethane via polymerization in the presence of thiol monomer, to make nano CdS-polymer composite matrials utilized as photocatalyst.5. Preparation Process of Fine Particles Using W/O/W Emulsion. Submicron-sized copper oxalate and calcium carbonate were prepared in internal water droplets in W/O/W emulsion, via extraction of metal ions into organic membrane phase from external water phase and stripping of them into the internal phase, followed by precipitation. The particle size could be controlled.