Chemical Studies of Constituents of Sweet Plants Growing in Guangdong, China

从广东甘野杏勾子甜叶中分离得到一种甜二萜苷，命名为樱糖苷（rubusoside）。在本研究中，这种甜原理也从这种植物的果实中分离出来。占义富盆子（R. chingii）在形态上与甘义玄狗子相似，但叶子不甜。从该植物的叶片中分离到5个非甜二萜苷类化合物，goshonosides F1-5，这5个化合物均已从日本产的chingii （gosho - icigo）中分离得到。这表明中国和日本的青霉属植物在化学分类上是相同的。枸杞皂苷F5是在市售的中药附子中鉴定出来的。这表明该民间药物的来源植物一定以青姜为代表。采用酶转糖基化的方法提高了甜菊醇双葡萄糖苷的甜度，并对这类葡萄糖苷的结构甜度关系进行了研究。结果表明，以超临界二氧化碳水溶液为夹带剂，甜菊糖甙几乎可以完全从甜菊叶中提取出来。黄芪（Engelhardtia chrysolepis, junlandaceae）是一种中国民间药物，生长在广东、广西和福建，其叶子味道甘甜。从鼠李糖叶中分离到一种新的顺式二氢黄酮醇鼠李糖苷，并分离到两种已知的糖苷，即鼠李糖苷和芦新草苷。从中国南方民间药材牛油菜（Hemsleya carnosiflora）的根状茎中分离到6个新的葫芦烷类苷，命名为carnosiflosides I-VI。鼠尾草苷V、VI尝起来是甜的，II、III、IV尝起来是苦的，I尝起来没有味道。探讨了葫芦烷类糖苷的构味关系。

A sweet diterpene glycoside named rubusoside has been isolated from sweet leaves of Gan-yei xuen-gou-zi (Rubus suavissimus, Rosaceae) which grows in Guangdong, China. In the present study, this sweet principle was also isolated from fruits of this plant. Zhan-yei fu-pen-zi (R. chingii) is morphologically similar to Gan-yei xuen-gou-zi though the leaves are not sweet. From leaves of this plant collected in China, five non-sweet diterpene glycosides, goshonosides F1-5 were isolated, all of which have already been isolated from Japanese R. chingii (Gosho-ichigo). This indicates the chemotaxonomical identity of Chinese and Japanese R. chingii. Goshonoside F5 was identified in the commercial Fu-pen-zi, a Chinese folk medicine. This revealed that the source plant of this folk medicine must be represented by R. chingii.By means of enzymic transglucosylation, the sweetness of rubusoside (steviol bisglucoside) was improved and the structure sweetness relationship of glucosides of this type was investigated. It was found that by supercritical carbon dioxide containing water as an entrainer, the sweet steviol glycosides could be extracted almost completely from Stevia leaves.Huang-qi (Engelhardtia chrysolepis, Junglandaceae), a Chinese folk medicine grows in Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian and its leaves taste sweet. From the leaves, a new cis-type dihydroflavonol rhamnoside was isolated together with the two known glycosides, eucryphin and astilbin.From rhizomes of Hemsleya carnosiflora, a folk medicine of South China, six new cucurbitane glycosides named carnosiflosides I-VI were isolated. Carnosiflosides V and VI taste sweet, while II, III and IV taste bitter and I has no taste. Stracture-taste relationship of cucurbitane glycosides was discussed.