Chemical Studies of Constituents of Sweet Plants Growing in Guangdong, China

从产于广东的菊科悬钩子(Rubus suavissimus，Rosaceae)的甜叶中分离得到一个甜二萜苷，命名为Rubusoside。在本研究中，这种甜味成分也是从该植物的果实中分离出来的。战叶附子与甘野玄沟子形态相似，但叶不甜。从中国采集的该植物的叶片中分离到5个非甜二萜糖苷，即天花粉皂苷F1-5，它们都是从日本黄连中分离得到的。这表明中国人和日本人在化学分类上是一致的。山茶皂苷F5是从民间药材附子中鉴定出来的。通过酶转糖的方法，对甜菊糖苷(甜菊醇双葡萄糖苷)的甜度进行了改良，并对该类型糖苷的结构甜度关系进行了研究。结果表明，以超临界二氧化碳为夹带剂，甜菊叶中甜菊糖苷几乎完全提取，产于广东、广西、福建等地的民间药材黄芪，叶味甘甜。从甘草叶中分离得到一个新的顺式二氢黄酮醇鼠李糖苷和两个已知的苷类化合物丁香苷。从南中国民间药材肉桂根茎中分离得到6个新的葫芦烷苷，命名为肉桂糖苷I~VI。肉豆蔻苷V和VI尝起来是甜的，而II，III和IV是苦的，我没有味道。探讨了葫芦烷苷的结构-口感关系。

A sweet diterpene glycoside named rubusoside has been isolated from sweet leaves of Gan-yei xuen-gou-zi (Rubus suavissimus, Rosaceae) which grows in Guangdong, China. In the present study, this sweet principle was also isolated from fruits of this plant. Zhan-yei fu-pen-zi (R. chingii) is morphologically similar to Gan-yei xuen-gou-zi though the leaves are not sweet. From leaves of this plant collected in China, five non-sweet diterpene glycosides, goshonosides F1-5 were isolated, all of which have already been isolated from Japanese R. chingii (Gosho-ichigo). This indicates the chemotaxonomical identity of Chinese and Japanese R. chingii. Goshonoside F5 was identified in the commercial Fu-pen-zi, a Chinese folk medicine. This revealed that the source plant of this folk medicine must be represented by R. chingii.By means of enzymic transglucosylation, the sweetness of rubusoside (steviol bisglucoside) was improved and the structure sweetness relationship of glucosides of this type was investigated. It was found that by supercritical carbon dioxide containing water as an entrainer, the sweet steviol glycosides could be extracted almost completely from Stevia leaves.Huang-qi (Engelhardtia chrysolepis, Junglandaceae), a Chinese folk medicine grows in Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian and its leaves taste sweet. From the leaves, a new cis-type dihydroflavonol rhamnoside was isolated together with the two known glycosides, eucryphin and astilbin.From rhizomes of Hemsleya carnosiflora, a folk medicine of South China, six new cucurbitane glycosides named carnosiflosides I-VI were isolated. Carnosiflosides V and VI taste sweet, while II, III and IV taste bitter and I has no taste. Stracture-taste relationship of cucurbitane glycosides was discussed.