MOLECULAR ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF EVOLUTION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL MULTIGENE FAMILY

(1)克隆的免疫球蛋白C-H基因在人和各种类人猿和猴中进行了比较。发现在这些品系的进化过程中，除了点突变之外，还经常发生更多的动态变化，如基因复制和缺失（上田）。(2)用脉冲场电泳法对不同MHC单倍型进行了巨碱基水平的分子图谱。结果表明，大规模遗传结构对每个单倍型都是特异性的，并且在这些单倍型之间存在高达200 KB的大小差异（Tokunaga）。(3)证实了人补体C6和C7基因的紧密连锁。在东亚5个群体（Tokunaga和OMOTO）中也发现了C6和C7的遗传多态性。(4)本文介绍了一种构建分子系统树的方法（邻位连接法），并将其应用于HLA基因频率（SAIT）数据。(5)对食蟹猴MHC基因的体细胞遗传学研究表明，该基因位于6号染色体上，其形态和带型与人类6号染色体相似。（平井）。

(1) THE CLONED IMMUNOGLOBULIN C-H GENES WERE COMPARED AMONG HUMAN AND VARIOUS ANTHROPOID APES AND MONKEYS. IT WAS FOUND THAT IN ADDITION TO POINT MUTATION MORE DYNAMIC CHANGES SUCH AS GENE DUPLICATION AND DELETION OCCURRED FREQUENTLY DURING THE EVOLUTION OF THESE LINES (UEDA). (2) USING PULSED-FIELD ELECTRO- PHORESIS, MOLECULAR MAPS OF MEGA BASE LEVEL OF VARIOUS MHC HAPLOTYPES WERE MADE. IT WAS SHOWN THAT THE LARGE SCALE GENETIC CONSTITUTION IS SPECIFIC TO EACH HAPLOTYPE, AND THERE WAS DIFFERENCE IN SIZE UP TO 200 KB AMONG THESE HAPLOTYPES (TOKUNAGA). (3) A CLOSE LINKAGE OF GENES OF HUMAN COMPLEMENT C6 AND C7 WAS CONFIRMED. ALSO, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS OF C6 AND C7 WERE EXAMINED IN 5 EAST ASIAN POPULATIONS (TOKUNAGA AND OMOTO). (4) A METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC TREE WAS DEVELOPED (NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD), AND APPLIED TO THE DATA OF HLA GENE FREQUENCY (SAITOU). (5) A SOMATIC CELL GENETICAL STUDY OF MHC GENES OF CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY SHOWED THAT THE GENES ARE LOCATED ON CHROMOSOME NO. 6 WHICH IS SIMILAR IN FORM AND BANDING PATTERN TO HUMAN CHROMOSOME NO. 6. (HIRAI).