Population Genetic Study of Mongolians

该研究项目旨在获得蒙古人的血型和蛋白质类型等血液遗传标记以及DNA类型的数据，以澄清蒙古人与其他亚洲民族的系统发育关系。还计划对HTLV、HBV和HCV等病毒进行流行病学研究，并对马和其他家畜进行遗传研究。目前得到的结果如下。(1)野外采集了194名蒙古族人的血液样本，其中大部分为喀尔哈族，150匹马和30头骆驼。(2)对8种血型系统进行了研究，结果表明蒙古人与日本人的亲缘关系不如韩国人那么密切。(3)测定蒙古人线粒体DNA中HincII变异和亚洲特异性9碱基缺失的频率。仅在美洲印第安人中报道的HincII 6型的发现频率非常高（21.4%）。9碱基缺失率为5.9%，远低于日本人（16%）。136个蒙古人中有3个是罕见的插入病例。(4)未发现HTLV阳性血清，根据该病毒发生在原始蒙古人后代中，而不发生在新蒙古人后代中。HBV的发生率约为10%，而HCV的发生率非常高（40%）。这一发现部分解释了蒙古肝炎和肝癌的高发病率。(5)对20名受试者进行成人乳糖吸收试验，发现1名受试者为吸收者。这一结果与畜牧育种者吸收频率高而农学家吸收频率低的理论相一致。(6)采集了150匹马和30头骆驼的血液样本。马流感病毒A/eq/Miami/1/63和A/eq/prague/1/56抗体检测结果显示，所有马和骆驼均呈阴性。禽流感病毒A/duck/Ukraine/1/63抗体未检出阳性，该病毒曾在1989-1990年造成中国北方马流行性感冒的严重流行。少

This research project aims at obtaining data of blood genetic markers such as blood groups and protein types as well as DNA types of Mongolians in order to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of Mongolians among other Asian peoples. Also planned are epidemiological studies of viruses as HTLV, HBV and HCV and genetic studies of horses and other domestic animals.The results so far obtained are as follows.(1) Blood samples of 194 Mongolians, most of which are from Khalha ethnic group, and 150 horses as well as 30 camels were collected during the field study.(2) Eight blood groups systems were examined and the results indicated that Mongolians are nor so closely related to Japanese as Koreans.(3) As to mitochondrial DNA, frequencies of HincII morphs and Asian specific 9 base deletion were determined on Mongolians. The HincII morph 6 which has been reported only in American Indians was found with remarkably high frequency (21.4%). The frequency of 9 base deletion was 5.9%, which is much … More lower than in Japanese (16%). A rare case of insertion in 3 out of 136 Mongolians.(4) HTLV positive sera was not found, in accordance with the theory that this virus occurs in descendants of proto-Mongoloids, but not in neo-Mongoloids. HBV had frequency of about 10%, while very high incidence of HCV (40%)was noted. This finding partially explains the high incidence of hepatitis and hepatic cancer in Mongolia.(5) Adult lactose absorption test was carried out on 20 human subjects, and one subject was found to be the absorber. This result is in accordance with the theory that among livestock breeders frequency of absorbers is high while among agriculturists it is very low.(6) Blood samples were collected from 150 horses and 30 camels. Antibody tests for equine influenza viruses A/eq/Miami/1/63 and A/eq/prague/1/56 showed that all the horses ahd camels tested were negative careers. Also, no animal was positive for antibody of bird influenza virus A/duck/Ukraine/1/63, which caused a severe prevalence of influenza among horses of northern China during 1989-1990. Less