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Interdisciplinary Study on the Origins of Japanese Peoples and Cultures

日本民族和文化起源的跨学科研究

基本信息

批准号：
09208105
负责人：
OMOTO Keiichi
金额：
$ 36.48万
依托单位：
International Research Center for Japanese Studies.
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (A)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Interdisciplinary Studies were carried out on the various cultural traditions and the human populations of Japanese Archipelago since the prehistoric times, with special emphasis on their origins, or historical aspects. Researches were as a whole accomplished as originally planned, and in the course of four years, seven joint symposia, four international symposia and four symposia organized with other related societies have been held. The main results are as follows. (1) The climatic variation during the last few tens of thousand years of Japanese Archipelago was clarified, and the accurate chronicle of major volcanic eruptions was made. (2) The new interdisciplinary research field "DNA archaeology" was set up, and investigations were made to test hypotheses on the cultivated plans and domesticated animals in the Jomon Period. Also, it was made clear that the peoples of Jomon and Yayoi Period were of different descent. (3) Comparative studies on the modern human populations of Asia showed that in agreement with the recent archaeological findings the Jomon peoples are considered to be of north Asian origins. (4) Based on the joint excavation of anthropologists and archaeologists, the process of how the Jomon cultural tradidion gave birth to the Yayoi culture under the influence of the continental Neolithic Culture. (5) The so-called fake of Early Paleolithic in Japan was examined from both sides of anthropology and archaeology. (6) Concerning the Japanese cultures, attempts were made to separate the two portions of those derived from other Asian areas on the one hand, and those independently developed in Japanese Archipelago. (7) The "Road on the Sea" hypothesis of Kunio Yanagita was examined in the light of up-to-date materials in archaeology and folklore, and new insights were obtained with respect to the rice culture that went northward along the southern islands before the Yayoi Periods.

跨学科的研究进行了各种文化传统和日本列岛的人口自史前时代以来，特别强调其起源，或历史方面。研究工作总体上按计划完成，在四年的时间里，共举行了七次联合研讨会、四次国际研讨会和四次与其他有关学会组织的研讨会。主要结果如下。(1)阐明了日本列岛近几万年来的气候变化，并对主要火山喷发作了准确的年表。(2)建立了新的交叉学科研究领域“DNA考古学”，并对绳文时代的栽培植物和驯养动物进行了调查，以验证假设。此外，它明确了绳文和弥生时代的人是不同的血统。(3)对亚洲现代人口的比较研究表明，与最近的考古发现一致，绳文人被认为是北亚人。(4)根据人类学家和考古学家的共同发掘，论述了绳文文化传统在大陆新石器文化影响下孕育弥生文化的过程。(5)从人类学和考古学两个方面对日本旧石器时代早期的所谓赝品进行了考察。(6)关于日本文化，有人试图将来自亚洲其他地区的文化和在日本列岛独立发展的文化区分开来。(7)根据考古学和民间传说的最新资料，对柳田国雄的“海上之路”假说进行了验证，对弥生时代以前沿着南方岛屿北上的稻作文化有了新的认识。