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Studies on farm organizations that are formed in the advencement of large scale farming on paddy fieled

稻田规模化经营过程中形成的农业组织研究

基本信息

批准号：
61560246
负责人：
YAGI Hironori
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

(1) Farm organigations in Japanese agriculture increased to have being monoculture as a whale, whereas that of farms upper than 7million ens by sales amount and 3ha by cultivated land showed to have being multiple in a first half of 1980's. Increasing of those large scale multiple farms is attributed to the rice diversion program that is promoted by goverment recently. to the expanding of cash crop cultivations such as well-equipped harticulture, vegetables and fruits, and to the decrease of specialized livestock farms under circumstances of over production or fluctuations of price in animal industry. Three different farming types that have advanced on the principle of profit maximization can be identified in the case of large scale multiple farming on paddy field. Those are the rice-wheat and the rice-vegetable farmings which are mainly based on joint-use of land or machines, the rice-fruits and rice-industrial crop farming which are mainly based on joint-use of labor, and the rice-dairy and the rice-beef raising which are mainlybased on joint-use of intermediate products. It is also fund out that the development of those farms are partially complemented by renting land, hiring labors, trusting farm operations and joining to group farmings.(2) The number of employer-farms is increasing in 1980's, though been decreasing in 1970's. These employers are new type-farms. Agout half of farms upper than 5ha by cultivated land employ warkers. Exceptional farm-househoids are most large scale-employers. The rice-wheat farming and the breeding employ man-warkers more than woman-warkers, however, the vegetabies and the well-eauipped horticulture employ almost woman-warker.

(1)日本农业中的农场组织增加到单一养殖，而销售额超过700万个，耕地面积超过3公顷的农场在20世纪80年代前半期出现了多元化。这些大规模多农场的增加归因于最近政府推动的水稻转移计划。扩大经济作物的种植，如设备齐全的园艺、蔬菜和水果，以及在畜牧业生产过剩或价格波动的情况下减少专业畜牧场。在稻田大规模复种的情况下，可以识别出三种不同的耕作类型，它们都是根据利润最大化原则提出的。主要是以土地或机械联合使用为基础的稻麦、稻菜农业，以劳动力联合使用为基础的稻果、稻工农业，以中间产品联合使用为基础的稻乳、稻牛饲养。此外，这些农场的发展还通过租赁土地、雇用劳动力、委托农场经营和加入集体农业等方式得到部分补充。(2)20世纪80年代，雇主农场的数量有所增加，但在70年代有所减少。这些雇主是新型农场。耕地面积在5公顷以上的农场约有一半雇用工人。特殊的农场家庭是最大规模的雇主。稻麦耕作和育种业雇用男工多于女工，而蔬菜种植和设备齐全的园艺业雇用女工的比例较高。