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Integrated Study of Human Skeletal Non-metric Characters, with Special Reference to Their Heritabilities

人体骨骼非度量特征的综合研究，特别是其遗传力

基本信息

批准号：
62304012
负责人：
KATAYAMA Kazumichi
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1987 至 1988
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We, the study group of human skeletal non-metric characters, have collaborated to facilitate the use of those characters in such fields as physical anthropology, archaeology and systematics. In this research term, we were especially concerned with studying some genetic aspects of those characters from quite diversified perspectives, and through three times of symposia, discussed some methodological problems for the standardisation of recording such sort of cherecters and the application to human biological and archeological studies. The main results obtained are as follows: 1. The statistic analysis of auditory exostosis frequencies revealed an intriguing geographic variation among Jomon people, and suggested that a cold aquatic stimulus can be considered as a major causative factor of manifesting the trait also in Jomon people and that the multifactorial inheritance model should be applicable to analyse it. 2. As to a majority of non-metric cranial characters, which have been very pop … More ular in population comparison, their frequencies proved to have drastically changed between the Jomon and Yayoi people, but have not substantially changed from the Yayoi through modern Japanase. Such evidence should be interpreted as coming from the fact that those characters are more heritable than metric skeletal characters. 3. Both the methods of positioning an individual skeleton into some group, and of estimating consanguinity among individuals, were proposed using non-metric cranial characters, and proved very successful when being applied to some archaeological cases. 4. Non-metric characters on the cranium, post-cranial skeleton, palatine and tooth crown have been reasonably evaluated their heritabilities through analising pedigree data and those from twins and relatives. 5. A new method has been proposed in terms of population genetics to estimate the heritability coefficient of non-metric variants and to expect the incidences of them in human populations that two groups mixed, based on the multi-factorial inheritance model thresholds. 6. The incidences of non-metric skeletal characters in an isolated human population, was successfully analysed in terms of population genetics. 7. Non-metric cranial characters were applied also to study the biological affinity of non-human primates, specifically of Japanese macaques, and it proved very promissing. Less

我们，人类骨骼非度量衡字符研究小组，已经合作，以促进这些字符在体质人类学，考古学和系统分类学等领域的使用。在本研究期内，我们特别关注从多个角度研究这类人物的遗传学问题，并通过三次学术讨论会，讨论了这类人物记录的标准化及其在人类生物学和考古学研究中的应用的方法学问题。主要研究结果如下：1.结果：1.听觉外生骨疣频率的统计分析揭示了绳纹人听觉外生骨疣的地理分布差异，并提示寒冷的水环境刺激可能是绳纹人听觉外生骨疣的主要致病因素，多因素遗传模型可用于分析。对于大多数非度量衡颅骨字符， ...更多信息在人口比较中，它们的频率在绳文人和弥生人之间发生了巨大的变化，但从弥生人到现代日本人并没有发生实质性的变化。这样的证据应该被解释为来自这样一个事实，即这些字符比公制骨骼字符更容易遗传。3.提出了利用非度量颅骨特征将个体骨骼定位到某个群体中以及估计个体之间血缘关系的方法，并在应用于一些考古案例时被证明是非常成功的。4.通过对家系资料、双生子资料和亲属资料的分析，合理地评价了颅骨、颅后骨、腭骨和牙冠等非度量性状的遗传力。5.从群体遗传学的角度提出了一种新的方法，即基于多因子遗传模型阈值，估计非度量变异的遗传力系数，并预测两群体混合人群中非度量变异的发生率。6.在一个孤立的人群中，非度量骨骼特征的发生率，成功地分析了群体遗传学。7.非度量颅骨特征也被应用于研究非人类灵长类动物的生物亲和力，特别是日本猕猴，它被证明是非常有前途的。少