Integrated Study of Human Skeletal Non-metric Characters, with Special Reference to Their Heritabilities

人体骨骼非度量特征的综合研究，特别是其遗传力

基本信息

批准号：
62304012
负责人：
KATAYAMA Kazumichi
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1987 至 1988
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We, the study group of human skeletal non-metric characters, have collaborated to facilitate the use of those characters in such fields as physical anthropology, archaeology and systematics. In this research term, we were especially concerned with studying some genetic aspects of those characters from quite diversified perspectives, and through three times of symposia, discussed some methodological problems for the standardisation of recording such sort of cherecters and the application to human biological and archeological studies. The main results obtained are as follows: 1. The statistic analysis of auditory exostosis frequencies revealed an intriguing geographic variation among Jomon people, and suggested that a cold aquatic stimulus can be considered as a major causative factor of manifesting the trait also in Jomon people and that the multifactorial inheritance model should be applicable to analyse it. 2. As to a majority of non-metric cranial characters, which have been very pop … More ular in population comparison, their frequencies proved to have drastically changed between the Jomon and Yayoi people, but have not substantially changed from the Yayoi through modern Japanase. Such evidence should be interpreted as coming from the fact that those characters are more heritable than metric skeletal characters. 3. Both the methods of positioning an individual skeleton into some group, and of estimating consanguinity among individuals, were proposed using non-metric cranial characters, and proved very successful when being applied to some archaeological cases. 4. Non-metric characters on the cranium, post-cranial skeleton, palatine and tooth crown have been reasonably evaluated their heritabilities through analising pedigree data and those from twins and relatives. 5. A new method has been proposed in terms of population genetics to estimate the heritability coefficient of non-metric variants and to expect the incidences of them in human populations that two groups mixed, based on the multi-factorial inheritance model thresholds. 6. The incidences of non-metric skeletal characters in an isolated human population, was successfully analysed in terms of population genetics. 7. Non-metric cranial characters were applied also to study the biological affinity of non-human primates, specifically of Japanese macaques, and it proved very promissing. Less

我们是人类骨骼非现有特征的研究小组，已合作，促进了在物理人类学，考古学和系统学等领域中使用这些角色。在本研究术语中，我们特别关心从相当多的角度研究这些角色的某些遗传方面，并在三次的座谈会上讨论了一些方法论问题，以记录这种类型的Cherecter的标准化以及对人类生物学和考古学研究的应用。获得的主要结果如下：1。对遗传频率的统计分析表明，乔蒙人之间的地理差异很有趣，并建议可以将冷的水生刺激视为在乔蒙人中也表现出表现性状的主要休闲因素，并且应该适用于多战术遗传模型来适用于对其进行分析。 2。至于大多数非金属颅骨特征，它们在人口比较中更加流行，事实证明，它们的频率在Jomon和Yayoi人之间发生了巨大变化，但从Yayoi到现代日本酶并没有实质性变化。这种证据应被解释为从这些角色比公制骨骼角色更可遗传的事实。 3。提出了将单个骨骼定位到某些组中的两种方法，并使用非金属颅骨特征提出了估计个体之间的血统，并在应用于某些考古案例时非常成功。 4。通过分析的血统数据以及来自双胞胎和亲戚的颅骨，颅后骨骼，帕拉丁和牙冠上的非视频特征，已通过分析的谱系数据进行了合理评估。 5。就种群遗传学而言，已经提出了一种新方法，以估计非金属变体的遗传力系数，并期望它们在人类种群中的发生率，这些群体基于多因素继承模型阈值而混合。 6。在孤立的人口中，非金属骨骼特征的发病率通过人群遗传学成功分析。 7。非金属颅骨特征还用于研究非人类私人私人的生物学亲密关系，特别是日本猕猴，这证明了非常有希望的。较少的