Biological Anthropology on the Uniqueness of Polynesian Physique

生物人类学对波利尼西亚体质独特性的探讨

基本信息

批准号：
08041142
负责人：
KATAYAMA Kazumichi
金额：
$ 9.6万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The aim of this research project was to collect several kinds or basic data through field surveys in Polynesia islands, with which the bodily adaptive evolutionary processes of Polynesian people can be studied. Major research results we carried out in the three years financially supported by Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field research) are as follows : 1) We collected a quantity of biological anthropology data through both the analysis of ancient human skeletal remains and somatological survey ; 2) We sampled in situ animal bones and plant remains for radio-isotope analyses which are necessary to reconstruct both the climate and people's food in the past ; 3) We gathered a variety of ecological anthropology data necessary for picturing the subsistence activities of prehistoric Polynesians ; and 4) We collected Polynesian vocabularies, chants, and oral traditions to reconstruct the way of life of ancient people by means of linguistic and folklore methods. The purpose we put on at our research proposal, has been completely materialysed. Next step is that we analyze in more detail those data in use of many kinds of special techniques at our laboratories later on. It is on way, and some noticeable findings have already been coming out. Some of those findings are that prehistoric Polynesian people were usually so dependent on fishing activities through diving, that the unique body type of Polynesian people seems to be a sort or New World Syndrome (NWS), that sea-water temperature possibly went down in recent thousand years in South Pacific, and so on. It should be noted that a Mangaian-English dictionary we compiled, is very important in recording one of Polynesian dialects which have nearly disappeared already. It must be the valuable historic heritage of Polynesian people to hand down in the future.

该研究项目的目的是通过波利尼西亚群岛的现场调查收集几种或基本数据，可以研究波利尼西亚人的身体自适应进化过程。我们在国际科学研究授予的赠款（现场研究）的经济支持的三年中进行的主要研究结果如下：1）我们通过分析古代人类骨骼遗体和躯体学调查来收集了一定数量的生物人类学数据； 2）我们对原位动物骨骼和植物进行了取样，用于放射性异位分析，这些分析是重建过去气候和人们的食物所必需的； 3）我们收集了描绘史前波利尼西亚人的生存活动所需的各种生态人类学数据； 4）我们通过语言和民俗方法收集了波利尼西亚词汇，颂歌和口头传统，以重建古代人的生活方式。我们在研究建议中提出的目的已完全易于衡量。下一步是，我们更详细地分析了这些数据在以后在实验室使用多种特殊技术。它正在进行中，并且一些明显的发现已经出现。其中一些发现是，史前波利尼西亚人通常是如此依赖捕鱼活动，以至于独特的波利尼西亚人似乎是一种或新世界综合征（NWS），以至于最近千年来，海水温度可能会在南太平洋降落，等等。应当指出的是，我们编写的漫画 - 英语词典对于录制一种几乎已经消失的波利尼西亚方言非常重要。在将来传授波利尼西亚人民的历史悠久遗产一定是有价值的历史遗产。