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Prevention and Control of Laboratory Acquired Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) in Animal Experimentation.

动物实验中实验室获得性肾综合征出血热（HFRS）的预防和控制。

基本信息

批准号：
62304057
负责人：
YAMANOUCHI TAKAHISA
金额：
$ 5.12万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1987 至 1988
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In Japan, an outbreak of laboratory infection of HFRS was first made public in November, 1978. Since then, this research group was organized, and both epidemiological and virological studies have been undertaken. Retrospective survey revealed that this type of HFRS already occured early in the 1970's. Since then, 126 human cases of laboratory acquired HFRS have been recorded in 22 facilities of Japan. Seroepidemiological sutudies revealed that laboratory rats exhibites high IFA titers against HFRS or related viruses at locations where HFRS patients occured. Researchers contracted HFRS more frequently than laboratory animal technicians or caretakers, although a caretaker died of HFRS. Inhalation of HFRS virus contaminated air in the animal room is mainly cause of infection with this virus. Wound infection during animal experiments is another important foute of infection. Infection of laboratory rats can occur by transferring animals from contaminated to other facility. Supply of the rats from contaminated colonies is the important and actual causes of infection of rats in animal facilities. Tissue fragments or cells of transplantable animal tumors are potential source of spreading the HFRS virus. Eradication of HFRS virus from contaminated can be achieved best by elimination of all animals, especially when human HFRS is associated with an infected laboratory rats. In some facilities, small number of human and rat sera have a low IFA titers. The real means of these low IFA titers are still remained to be resolved in future. in 1981, a guide-line was issued by our research group and governmental officials for protection of this type HFRS. Since then numbers of the patient decreased. The last patient was recorded at the end of 1984. On these successive facts, we emphasize that the prevention and control of laboratory acquired HFRS depend upon the knowledge and understanding of this disease among the biomedical researchers.

在日本，1978年11月首次公开了HFRS实验室感染的暴发。自那时以来，组织了这个研究小组，并进行了流行病学和病毒学研究。回顾性调查显示，该类型的HFRS早在20世纪70年代就已发生。此后，日本22个设施记录了126例实验室获得性HFRS人间病例。血清流行病学研究表明，实验鼠对HFRS及相关病毒的IFA效价在HFRS患者所在地较高。研究人员比实验室动物技术人员或看护人更频繁地感染HFRS，尽管一名看护人死于HFRS。动物房内吸入HFRS病毒污染的空气是感染HFRS病毒的主要原因。动物实验中的伤口感染是另一个重要的感染源。实验室大鼠的感染可能发生在将动物从受污染的地方转移到其他设施时。污染鼠群的鼠源供应是造成动物设施鼠患的重要和现实原因。可移植动物肿瘤的组织碎片或细胞是传播HFRS病毒的潜在来源。从受污染的动物中根除HFRS病毒的最佳方法是消灭所有动物，特别是当人类HFRS与受感染的实验室大鼠有关时。在一些设施中，少数人和大鼠血清具有低IFA滴度。这些低IFA滴度的真实的方法仍有待于将来解决。1981年，我国研究小组和政府官员发布了预防这类HFRS指南。从那以后，病人的数量减少了。最后一名患者记录于1984年底。基于这些连续的事实，我们强调实验室获得性HFRS的预防和控制取决于生物医学研究人员对这种疾病的认识和理解。