Statistical Analyses on the Collisions with Fixed Objects and Development of Roadside Hazard Evaluation Model

在日本的道路安全研究中，单车事故（包括跑离道路事故和与固定物体碰撞事故）很少受到重视。然而，很明显，这类事故造成职业死亡的可能性明显高于其他类型的事故。目前的事故统计数据表明，公路工程的一部分，使公路的路边空间更安全，无论是在设计理念和实施，还有很多工作要做。本研究的具体目标包括：（1）评估道路和交通因素对频率和严重程度的影响;（2）开发一个用于估计驾驶员死亡概率的模型;（3）评估路边固定物体对驾驶员眼动的影响;（4）开发路边危险评估模型。这些都是为了给道路安全设计提供依据。（1）揭示了与路边固定物体碰撞的特点和影响因素，（2）建立了驾驶员死亡风险的logit型估计模型，（3）给出了驾驶员眼动与路边危险的关系，（4）建立了路边固定目标危险性评估模型和路边固定目标搬迁效果评估模型。所有这些研究结果将有助于建立路边安全设计。

Single-vehicle accidents which include run-off-the-road accidents and collisions with fixed objects have been received little attension in the road safety research in Japan. However, it is clear that the possibility of occuoant fatality in this types of accident is significantly higher than other types of accidents. Present accident statistics indicate that much is to be done on the part of highway engineering to make the roadside space of the highway more safety, both in design concepts and implementations. Specific objectives of this research include: (1) to assess the effects of road and traffic factors on the frequency and severity; (2) to develop a model for estimating the probability of driver fatality; (3) to assess the effects of roadside fixed objects on the driver's eye movement; and (4) to develop the roadside hazard evaluation model. All of these items are tobe done for establisjing the bases of roadside safety design.The findings of this research are; (1) characteristics and contributed factors of the collisions with roadside fixed objects are shown, (2) logit type model for estimating the driver's fatality risk is developed, (3) relations between driver's eye movement and roadside hazards are given, and (4) roadside hazard evaluation model for estimating the risk of roadside fixed objects and for estimating the effectiveness of relocation of their objects is developed. All of these findings would be useful for establishing the roadside safety designs.