Studies on dynamics of trace elements and the related enzymes to metabolism of superoxide radicals in preventive medicine

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In this project, dynamics of trace elements ( copper, zinc, manganese, selenium ) and the related enzymes such as superoxide dismutasa (SOD), catalase, qlutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in metabolism of superoxide radicals were examined in normal healthy subjects and in patients with various diseases.Firstyl, the concentrations of trace elements and activities and/or contents of those enzymes were determined in blood samples from healthy subjects.Secondly, levels of trace elements and superoxide metabolic enzymes were determined in patients with stomach cancer. We found that high blood copper and manganese levels and low blood zinc and selenium levels are characteristic in the advanced type of patients with stomach cancer. These blood trace elements at the middle stage of malignancy showed low levels in stomach cancer patients. Catalase activity in erythrocytes of patients with stomach cancer showed a significantly higher level than that in normal subjects. GSH-Px activity in erythrocyte … More of these patients showed a significantly lower level than that in normal subjects. On the contrary, plasma GSH-Px activity showed a significantly high level as compared with normal subjects. Remarkably higher plasma GSH-Px activities than those in the stages of I and II were recognized in the stages of III, IV and the group of metastases to other organs.Zinc and manganese concentrations in cancerous tissues of patients with stomach cancer showed signigicantly lower level than those in normal tissues.Levels of serum metal binding proteins such as albumin, <alpha>_2-macroglobulin and ceruloplasmin were also determined in patients with stomach cancer. These protein contents in patients with stomach cancer were significantly lbwer than those in normal subjects. The higher ceruloplasmin level than that in the stage I was observed in the stages of III and IV. On the contrary, contents of serum albumin and <alpha>_2-macroglobulin decreased in the advanced type of patients with stomach Thirdly, levels of trace elements, lipoperoxide (LPO) and superoxide metablic enzymes were determined in patients with diabetes mellitus. Whole blood zinc level of diabetes was significantly lower than that of normal subjects. The mean plasma LPO values in female diabetes was significantly higher than that in normal subjects. The plasma GSH-Px activity in patients with diabetics was significantly higher than that in normal subjects.Fourthly, levels of trace elements were determined in patients with liver disease and cerebrovascular disease. Blood copper concentration in patients with chronic active hepatitis was significantly lower than that of normal subjects. Patients with cerebrovascular disease showed lower metal concentrations than those of normal subjects. Less