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Inter specific hybridizations between Japanese cherries and P. avium Lind. aiming for dwarfing cherry rootstocks

日本樱桃和 P. avium Lind 之间的特异杂交。

基本信息

批准号：
62560020
负责人：
SUZUKI Hiroshi
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
YAMAGATA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1987 至 1988
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

To obtain the dwalfing cherry root stocks interspecific hybridizations were tried in some cherry spp. ,P.avium .P.incisa ,P.paucifrola and P.apetala. Results of the crossings were as follows that some hybrids were obtained only when crossed in case P.avium used as matternal plant. But in the reciprocal combinations,it seemed that there were no crosscompatibility .Embryo culture is one of useful way for obtaining the F1 hybridsthen some conditions for embryo culture were examined.In eary stages embryos were cultured in the Nitch's solid medium. After Algust they were transplanted to the liquid medium by Nitch or M.S.each other,then the weahend embryos cultured in the primary medium continued to grow.In a experiment about relation of embryo growth and seedmaturity .Embryos from over ripend seeds developed better growing without falling into dormancy than other seeds from fruits suitable for eat.To crearity the cause of cross incompatibility the inner part of the pistills were examined .The relults were as follows.Inspite of the incompatible combination (KOMAMEZAKURA X SATOUNISHIKI),mehy pollens germinated on the stigma,but pollen-tudes did not reached to the inner part of the pistills.Enzymatic dispersion of the pistilate tissues were examined aiming easier observation of the pollen-tubes in the tissue and the aspects of pollination.The reaction of enzyme to the tissues were differing each part of the pistills.The tissues inside of the ovarys did not disperse easily,even if dispersed, the pollen tubes dose not observed in the complete state.Observations of inner side of embryosac by paraffin section method indicated that the embryos dose not almost presented the original shape .Through morphological observations,allmost all the F1 hybrids obtained have any hairs on the upper surfaice of the leaves.These hairs were never recognized in the maternal parent but were seen in paternity.Therefore the F1 plants were united with both genome of parents.

为了获得矮化的樱桃砧木，在一些樱桃种上进行了种间杂交试验。、P.avium.P.incisa、P.pauciFrola和P.apetala。杂交结果表明，有些杂交种只有在以青杨为母本的情况下，才能获得杂交后代。胚胎培养是获得杂种F1的有效途径之一，并对胚胎培养条件进行了研究。8月份以后，用Nitch或MS将它们相互移栽到液体培养基中，然后在初代培养基上继续生长。在胚胎生长与种子成熟度的关系试验中，过熟种子的胚比其他适合食用的果实的种子发育得更好，不陷入休眠。为了查明雌蕊内部杂交不亲和的原因。结果如下：尽管是不亲和组合(KOMAMEZAKURA X SATOUNISHIKI)，但Mehy花粉在柱头上萌发，为了更好地观察组织中的花粉管和授粉过程，对雌蕊组织的酶分散进行了研究。酶对雌蕊组织的反应是不同的。子房内的组织不容易分散，即使分散，也没有完全观察到花粉管。用石蜡切片法观察胚乳内侧，胚胎几乎没有呈现出原始的形状。通过形态观察，发现雌蕊内的组织不容易分散，即使分散，也不能观察到完整的花粉管几乎所有获得的F1植株的叶片上表面都有毛，这些毛在母本中从未被识别过，但在父本中却看到了，因此F1植株与双亲的基因组都是统一的。