Control of Echinococcosis in the Northern Regions.

主要流行于北半球的多房棘球绦虫是一种致死性泡型包虫病。根除这种疾病取决于涉及其在野生和家养动物中的控制的环境动态。1)过去3年每年在安克雷奇召开研讨会，促进国际包虫病科学交流。2)美国研究人员在圣劳伦斯岛的萨沃加用吡喹酮驱虫控制包虫病的现场试验表明，该村田鼠的多房棘球绦虫发病率可由1982年的25%降至的5%。这种方法将适用于高流行地区，但将取决于消除无拘无束的狗。在萨沃加的野外试验中，日本调查人员对其他寄生虫进行了调查，特别是对多房棘球绦虫有拮抗作用的田鼠体内的线虫。这些寄生虫随后在实验室啮齿动物中传代，并用于生物拮抗研究。3)合并感染从裂殖吸虫中分离出的带绦虫后，在实验室饲养的红色裂殖吸虫中对多房棘球绦虫具有部分保护作用。4)以金黄地鼠或蒙古沙鼠为替代最终宿主，获得了多房棘球绦虫的整个生活史。5)评估了从新墨西哥州采集的异形虫科和亚科的野生啮齿动物作为替代最终宿主的能力。研究发现，小鼠口袋肠道可以提供与犬肠道相当的生态位，支持多房棘球绦虫早期在其最终宿主中的生长和发育。6)单抗可用于检测感染犬的Copo抗原。

Echinococcus multilocularis, which is mainly prevalent in the northern hemisphere, causes the fatal alveolar hydatid disease. Eradication of this disease is contingent upon the environmental dynamics involving its control in wild and domestic animals. The results of this project can be summariesd as follows :1) A symposium was held annually for the past 3 years in Anchorage to promote international scientific exchange on echinococcosis.2) Field trials by the American investigators to control hydatid disease by deworming dogs with praziquantel in Savoonga on the St. Lawrence Island showed that the incidence of E. multilocularis in vole in the village could be reduced from 25% in 1982 to 5% in 1989. This method would be applicable in hyperendemic regions but will depends on the elimination of unrestrained dogs. During the field trials in Savoonga, a survey of other parasites, especially of cestodes in voles which are antagonistic to E. multilocularis was carried out by the Japanese investigators. These other parasites were then passaged in laboratory rodents and were used in biologically antagonistic studies.3) Concurrent infection with an isolate of Taenia taeniaeformis from clethrionomys rufocanus was found to impart partial protection against E. multilocularis in laboratory-reared C. rufocanus.4) The complete life cycle of E. multilocularis has been achieved using the golden hamster or the Mongolian gerbil as the alternative definitive hosts.5) Wild rodents belonging to the family Heteromydae and sub-family Hesperomynae, collected from New Mexico were evaluated for their ability to serve as the alternative definitive host. It was found that the pocket mouse intestine could provide a niche equivalent to those of canids in supporting the growth and development of the early stage of E. multilocularis in its definitive host.6) Monoclonal antibodies were found to be useful in detecting copro-antigen from infected dogs.