Control of Echinococcosis in the Northern Regions.

多房棘球蚴主要流行于北半球，是致命的肺泡包虫病。根除这种疾病取决于在野生动物和家畜中控制该病的环境动态。项目成果如下：1)连续3年每年在安克雷奇举办一次研讨会，促进棘球蚴病的国际科学交流。2)美国研究人员在圣劳伦斯岛Savoonga用吡喹酮给狗驱虫控制包虫病的实地试验表明，该村田鼠多房绦虫发病率可由1982年的25%降至1989年的5%。这种方法将适用于高流行地区，但将取决于消除不受约束的狗。在Savoonga的田间试验期间，日本调查人员对其他寄生虫，特别是对田鼠体内对多房绦虫具有拮抗作用的绦虫进行了调查。这些其他寄生虫随后在实验室啮齿动物中传代，并用于生物拮抗研究。3)同时感染一株产自鸡冠绦虫的带绦虫分离株对实验室饲养的鸡冠绦虫多房绦虫具有一定的保护作用。4)以金仓鼠或蒙古沙鼠为最终寄主，实现了多房沙鼠的完整生活史。5)对采自新墨西哥州的异蚤科和大蚤亚科野生啮齿动物作为替代最终寄主的能力进行了评价。研究发现，口袋鼠肠道在支持多房棘球蚴早期在其最终寄主体内的生长发育方面可提供与犬科动物相当的生态位。6)发现单克隆抗体可用于检测感染犬的co原抗原。

Echinococcus multilocularis, which is mainly prevalent in the northern hemisphere, causes the fatal alveolar hydatid disease. Eradication of this disease is contingent upon the environmental dynamics involving its control in wild and domestic animals. The results of this project can be summariesd as follows :1) A symposium was held annually for the past 3 years in Anchorage to promote international scientific exchange on echinococcosis.2) Field trials by the American investigators to control hydatid disease by deworming dogs with praziquantel in Savoonga on the St. Lawrence Island showed that the incidence of E. multilocularis in vole in the village could be reduced from 25% in 1982 to 5% in 1989. This method would be applicable in hyperendemic regions but will depends on the elimination of unrestrained dogs. During the field trials in Savoonga, a survey of other parasites, especially of cestodes in voles which are antagonistic to E. multilocularis was carried out by the Japanese investigators. These other parasites were then passaged in laboratory rodents and were used in biologically antagonistic studies.3) Concurrent infection with an isolate of Taenia taeniaeformis from clethrionomys rufocanus was found to impart partial protection against E. multilocularis in laboratory-reared C. rufocanus.4) The complete life cycle of E. multilocularis has been achieved using the golden hamster or the Mongolian gerbil as the alternative definitive hosts.5) Wild rodents belonging to the family Heteromydae and sub-family Hesperomynae, collected from New Mexico were evaluated for their ability to serve as the alternative definitive host. It was found that the pocket mouse intestine could provide a niche equivalent to those of canids in supporting the growth and development of the early stage of E. multilocularis in its definitive host.6) Monoclonal antibodies were found to be useful in detecting copro-antigen from infected dogs.