Control of Echinococcosis in the Northern Regions.

多房棘球绦虫主要流行于北方，是一种致死性泡球蚴病。根除这种疾病取决于环境动态，包括对野生动物和家畜的控制。本项目的主要结果如下：（1）近3年来，每年在安克雷奇召开一次研讨会，以促进国际间棘球蚴病的科学交流;（2）美国科学家在圣劳伦斯岛萨沃翁加用吡喹酮驱虫防治犬包虫病的现场试验表明，棘球蚴病的发病率明显下降。1989年，该村田鼠的多房性脑膜炎发病率可由1982年的25%降至5%。这种方法将适用于高流行地区，但将取决于消除不受约束的狗。在Savoonga的田间试验中，对其他寄生虫，特别是对E.多房性的研究是由日本研究者进行的。这些其他的寄生虫，然后在实验室啮齿动物中传代，并用于生物拮抗研究。3）同时感染带绦虫分离物从clethrionomys rufocanus被发现给予部分保护，对E。多室刺蛾C. rufocanus. 4）E.已经使用金黄仓鼠或蒙古沙鼠作为替代的最终宿主实现了多房鼠。5）评估了从新墨西哥州收集的属于异鼠科和鼠鼠亚科的野生啮齿动物作为替代的最终宿主的能力。结果表明，囊鼠肠道可以提供与犬科动物相当的生态位，支持早期大肠杆菌的生长发育。6）单克隆抗体可用于感染犬粪抗原的检测。

Echinococcus multilocularis, which is mainly prevalent in the northern hemisphere, causes the fatal alveolar hydatid disease. Eradication of this disease is contingent upon the environmental dynamics involving its control in wild and domestic animals. The results of this project can be summariesd as follows :1) A symposium was held annually for the past 3 years in Anchorage to promote international scientific exchange on echinococcosis.2) Field trials by the American investigators to control hydatid disease by deworming dogs with praziquantel in Savoonga on the St. Lawrence Island showed that the incidence of E. multilocularis in vole in the village could be reduced from 25% in 1982 to 5% in 1989. This method would be applicable in hyperendemic regions but will depends on the elimination of unrestrained dogs. During the field trials in Savoonga, a survey of other parasites, especially of cestodes in voles which are antagonistic to E. multilocularis was carried out by the Japanese investigators. These other parasites were then passaged in laboratory rodents and were used in biologically antagonistic studies.3) Concurrent infection with an isolate of Taenia taeniaeformis from clethrionomys rufocanus was found to impart partial protection against E. multilocularis in laboratory-reared C. rufocanus.4) The complete life cycle of E. multilocularis has been achieved using the golden hamster or the Mongolian gerbil as the alternative definitive hosts.5) Wild rodents belonging to the family Heteromydae and sub-family Hesperomynae, collected from New Mexico were evaluated for their ability to serve as the alternative definitive host. It was found that the pocket mouse intestine could provide a niche equivalent to those of canids in supporting the growth and development of the early stage of E. multilocularis in its definitive host.6) Monoclonal antibodies were found to be useful in detecting copro-antigen from infected dogs.