A cross-cultural study on psychosocial factors of mental health and socialization of the adolescents.

作为调查人员，我们从1988年到1990年在日本、韩国和美国有四次会面的机会。我们讨论了当前各国青少年的心理健康问题。在美国，心理健康问题在很大程度上因种族群体和父母的社会地位而异；韩国首尔的高考心理压力最大；学校恐惧症、神经性厌食症和ijime（暴力或孤立）在日本已经成为严重的问题。这些问题源于三个国家各自的文化背景，这可以通过使用标准化问卷来定量地明确。编制了《东大（东京大学）青少年健康指数》（THI-A），并编制了英文本和韩文本。ti - junior是侧重于青少年心理和精神方面的测量而开发的。该量表有110个问题和10个量表，并已翻译成英语和韩国语。制作了日语“你好”问卷，并翻译成英语和韩语。日本群马县的1262名初中和高中学生申请了ti - a。进行简单统计，并进行因子分析。为成人制作的量表即使在青少年样本中也是有效的。高中生的量表得分除攻击性和谎言外，几乎所有量表都高于初中生。韩国首尔市的600名学生和美国德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥市的700名学生也申请了THI-A。他们的量表得分在全国中学生中最高。

We, the investigators, had four chances of meeting from 1988 to 1990 in Japan, Korea and USA. We discussed current mental health problems of the adolescent in the respective country. Mental health problems differ largely by ethnic group and by social status of the parent in USA; psychological stress of the entrance examination seemed most important in Seoul, Korea; and school phobia, anorexia nervosa, and ijime (violence or making isolate) have been serious problems in Japan. These problems originate from the respective cultural setting of the three countries, which could be made clear quantitatively by use of standardized questionnaires. THI-A, the Todai (Univ. of Tokyo) Health Index for adolescent was made and the English and Korean versions were prepared. THI-Junior was developed putting stress on the measurement of psychological and mental aspect of the adolescent, which has 110 questions and 10 scales translated also into English and Korea. How-are-you Questionnaire in Japanese was made and translated into English and Korea. THI-A was applied to 1,262 pupils of junior high and high schools in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. Simple statistics were made and the factor analysis was applied. Scales had made for adult were found valid even in the adolescent samples. Scale score of high school pupils was higher in almost all scales except aggressive and lie scales than that of middle school pupils. THI-A was applied also to 600 pupils in Seoul City, Korea, and 700 pupils in San Antonio City, Texas, USA. Scale scores were highest of the high school pupils in Korea.