Japan-Sino Cooperative Study on Risk Factor Analysis of Cardiovascular Diseases

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Many epidemiological findings and experimental data have indicated that cardiovascular diseases are potentially preventable by dietary modifications. To investigate the relationships of dietary factors to blood pressure (BP) among Chinese and Brazilian populations, we carried out survey on 5 populations in China (1988-1989) and 2 populations, Japanese (JB) and Brazilian (BB), in Brazil (1990) according to international cooperative Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison Study protocol. From each population, 100 men and 100 women (50-54 y. o.) were recruited for BP measurement, 24-hrurine collection and blood test.Among 11 populations including 5 populations (Urumqi, Altai, Tulufan, Hetian, and Guangzhou) in this study and 6 populations (Beijing, Shanghai, Shijiazhuang, Guiyang, Guangzhou, and Lhasa) in former study (1985 and 1986), we assessed relationships of urinary electrolytes and amino acids to BP. Besides Body Mass Index (BMI), urinary salt excretion showed significant positive correlations with SBP and DBP (p<0.01, respectively). Taurine, rich in sea foods, divided by urea nitrogen and 3-methylhistidine, special component in muscles, divided by creatinine had significant inverse relationships to SBP and DBP (p<0.05, respectively).To assess differences between Japanese in Brazil (JB) and in Japan (JJ), we also carried out optional study in 3 areas (town, mountain village and fishing village) in Shimane prefecture in Japan. BMI in JB and BB were significantly higher than J (p<0.05). Hypertensive prevalence also higher in JB (41.2%) and BB (45.8%) than J (25-33%). The highest urinary salt excretion was observed in JB (14.0g) more than BB (12.7g) and mountain village (11.8g). Urinary taurine excretion in JB was 1.5 times higher than BB, but half less than JJ.In conclusion, sodium and obesity adversely affect BP, whereas animal protein may have beneficial influence on BP.