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International Comparative Research of Agricultural Policy Reform

农业政策改革的国际比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
63301091
负责人：
IMAMURA Naraomi
金额：
$ 6.53万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

(]SY.encircled1.[) The world market of farm products as a whole has faced with relative surplus. However, some countries have had problems of surplus and some countries have suffered from problems of deficit. So the subiects of the agricultural policy reform in each country are different according to the problem by which each country has benn confronted.(]SY.encircled2.[) The developed countries of the West World have been confronted by the problem of surplus of farm products which was caused by the policies for increasing farm products. These policies have been mainty adopled as the counter actions against the food crisis in the beginning of 1970's. Price support policies which follow the policies for inceasing farm products have leaded the financial difficulties in the era of lowgrowth-economy. EC and US have been adopting the new policies so called "decoupling" which cut the linkage of production policies and income policies for farmers. But these countries have been strengthening t … More he subsidy policies to win the race of export of farm products and they have not yet reached agreement on making the new rule for the international trade of farm products in GATT negotiations.(]SY.encircled3.[) Most of the socialist countries have overcome the hunger problem by securing the absolutely needed supply of food. But these countries have been suffering from the relative hunger. Because these countries have been achieving the higher income level and the demand for meat and milk products is in creasing gradually and they are confronted by the deficit of feed grain. They are not able to import feed grain enough because of the deficiency of foreign goods. So they are expected to reform the farm structure and to increase farm products. Under these conditions China and USSR have been trying to promote the agricultural policy reform.(]SY.encircled4.[) Japan has also been promoting the agricultural policy reform since 1987 mainly because of improving financial difficulties. The main subjects of reform are the adjustment for import policy of farm products, food conlrolled policy, production controlled policy and farm structure policy. Japan has suffered from the lowest self sufficiency rate of foods against the high rate in other developed countries of the West World. So food importing countries which are confronted by extremely low self sufficiency rate like Japan are expected to promote the agricultural policy reform based on the philosophy that the policy of supporting and maintaining agricultural production is most important issue in these countries for the future of the people and the world. Less

（] SY.encircled1.（）世界农产品市场总体上处于相对过剩状态。然而，有些国家出现了盈余问题，有些国家出现了赤字问题。因此，各国农业政策改革的主题因各国面临的问题而异。（] SY.encircled2.西方发达国家一直面临着农产品过剩的问题，这是由农产品增产政策造成的。这些政策主要被认为是应对20世纪70年代初粮食危机的对策。在经济低增长时期，伴随着农产品增产政策而出台的价格支持政策，导致了财政困难。欧盟和美国采取了新的政策，即“脱钩”政策，切断了农民生产政策和收入政策之间的联系。但这些国家一直在加强 ...更多信息在关贸总协定谈判中，双方在制定农产品国际贸易新规则问题上尚未达成一致。（] SY.encircled3.大多数社会主义国家通过确保绝对需要的粮食供应克服了饥饿问题。但这些国家一直遭受相对饥饿。由于这些国家的收入水平不断提高，对肉类和奶制品的需求逐渐增加，它们面临着饲料粮短缺的问题。由于洋货不足，他们进口饲料粮不足。因此，人们期望他们改革农业结构，增加农产品产量。在这种情况下，中国和苏联都在努力推进农业政策的改革。（] SY.encircled4. [）日本从1987年起也在推进农业政策改革，主要原因是改善财政困难。改革的主要内容是农产品进口政策、粮食控制政策、生产控制政策和农业结构政策的调整。与西方世界其他发达国家的高粮食自给率相比，日本的粮食自给率最低。因此，对于像日本这样的自给率极低的粮食进口国来说，为了人民和世界的未来，支持和维持农业生产的政策是最重要的课题，因此，希望推进农业政策的改革。少