Studies on Middle Range Structure of Amorphous Inorganic Materials and its Controlling

采用双辊淬火、溅射和溶胶-凝胶法制备了非晶态氧化物和氟化物。对合成的非晶态材料进行了光谱研究和物理性能测试，以获得这些材料的中程结构，并讨论了结构与性能之间的关系。取得的结果如下：1.研究结果。用双辊淬火法制备的MnF_2-MnO-SiO_2和MnF_2-PbF_2-SiO_2玻璃具有较高的离子电导率。XPS测试结果表明，氟离子占据了氧氟化物玻璃中的两种位置，其中一种位置的氟离子对玻璃的高离子电导率有贡献。这一方面与分子动力学模拟的结果相吻合。穆斯堡尔谱对氧化物玻璃、硅胶、非晶态合金和含铁或Eu的氧化物晶体进行了测量。系统地讨论了铁和铕在这些材料中的成键特性。首次发现在某些氧化物玻璃中，即使在室温下也存在上转换泵浦的荧光。通过声子边带光谱，阐明了氧化物玻璃的晶格振动能和电子-声子相互作用强度。在实验结果的基础上，讨论了上转换泵浦荧光的产生原因。用带人字形缺口的短棒试件测量了纯碱-硼酸盐玻璃的断裂功。在富硼氧化物玻璃中观察到了非弹性现象。

Amorphous oxides and fluorides were prepared by using twin-roller quenching, sputtering and sol-gel method. Several spectroscopic studies and measurements of physical properties were carried out on the resultant amorphous materials to obtain middle range structure of these materials and to discuss the relation between the structure and the properties. The results obtained are as follows.1. High ionic conductivity was observed in MnF_2-MnO-SiO_2 and MnF_2-PbF_2-SiO_2 glasses prepared by the twin-roller quenching method. It was revealed from XPS measurements that the fluoride ions occupy two kinds of sites in these oxyflouride glasses and fluoride ions in one of the two sites contribute to the high ionic conductivity. This aspect on the chemical state of fluoride ions was coincident with the result obtained by the molecular dynamics simulation.2. Mossbauer measurements were carried out on oxide glasses, silica gel, amorphous alloys and oxide crystals containing iron or europium. The bonding characteristics of iron and europium in these materials were discussed systematically.3. It was discovered for the first time that upconversion-pumped fluorescence takes place in some oxide glasses even at room temperature. The lattice vibrational energy and the strength of electron-phonon interaction in the oxide glasses were clarified from phonon sideband spectra. On the basis of the experimental results, the origin of appearance of the upconversion-pumped fluorescence was discussed.4. The work of fracture for soda borate glasses was measured using short-bar specimens with chevron notch. An inelastic phenomenon was observed in the boron oxide-rich glass.