Studies on Middle Range Structure of Amorphous Inorganic Materials and its Controlling

采用双辊淬冷法、溅射法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了非晶氧化物和非晶氟化物。对所得的非晶态材料进行了光谱研究和物理性能测试，以获得这些材料的中程结构，并讨论了结构与性能之间的关系。研究结果如下：1.用双辊急冷法制备的MnF_2-MnO-SiO_2和MnF_2-PbF_2-SiO_2玻璃具有较高的离子电导率。XPS测试结果表明，氟离子在玻璃中占据两种位置，其中一种位置的氟离子对玻璃的高离子电导率有贡献。这一点与分子动力学模拟的结果一致.对含铁或铕的氧化物玻璃、硅胶、非晶态合金和氧化物晶体进行了穆斯堡尔谱测量。系统地讨论了铁和铕在这些材料中的成键特性.首次发现某些氧化物玻璃在室温下也能产生上转换泵浦荧光。从声子边带谱中明确了氧化物玻璃的晶格振动能和电子-声子相互作用强度。在实验结果的基础上，讨论了上转换泵浦荧光出现的原因。本文用带有人字形切口的短棒试样测定了钠硼酸盐玻璃的断裂功。在富含氧化硼的玻璃中观察到非弹性现象。

Amorphous oxides and fluorides were prepared by using twin-roller quenching, sputtering and sol-gel method. Several spectroscopic studies and measurements of physical properties were carried out on the resultant amorphous materials to obtain middle range structure of these materials and to discuss the relation between the structure and the properties. The results obtained are as follows.1. High ionic conductivity was observed in MnF_2-MnO-SiO_2 and MnF_2-PbF_2-SiO_2 glasses prepared by the twin-roller quenching method. It was revealed from XPS measurements that the fluoride ions occupy two kinds of sites in these oxyflouride glasses and fluoride ions in one of the two sites contribute to the high ionic conductivity. This aspect on the chemical state of fluoride ions was coincident with the result obtained by the molecular dynamics simulation.2. Mossbauer measurements were carried out on oxide glasses, silica gel, amorphous alloys and oxide crystals containing iron or europium. The bonding characteristics of iron and europium in these materials were discussed systematically.3. It was discovered for the first time that upconversion-pumped fluorescence takes place in some oxide glasses even at room temperature. The lattice vibrational energy and the strength of electron-phonon interaction in the oxide glasses were clarified from phonon sideband spectra. On the basis of the experimental results, the origin of appearance of the upconversion-pumped fluorescence was discussed.4. The work of fracture for soda borate glasses was measured using short-bar specimens with chevron notch. An inelastic phenomenon was observed in the boron oxide-rich glass.