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Urban Problems in the Transformation of Industrial Structure in the U. S. A. -The Decline and Restructuring of Old Industrial Cities-

美国产业结构转型中的城市问题-老工业城市的衰落与重构-

基本信息

批准号：
01041092
负责人：
SHIGEMORI Akira
金额：
$ 11.84万
依托单位：
Osaka University of Economics
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. As Japan's presence in the global market has been rapidly enhanced and the economic conflicts between the U. S. and Japan have grown, U. S. -Japan exchange has become more active both on a government and a private level. The most remarkable change in the last decade is the rapid increase of Japan's direct investment in the U. S., which has begun to have impacts on regional restructuring both in the U. S. and Japan. In the United States, facing the challenge of Japanese companies, heavy industries that once supported the American economy have declined and old industrial cities in the Midwest and the East were severely damaged.2. Though this flexible job assignment system has the advantage of securing jobs more easily under the. severe competition than traditional American systems, we have to thoroughly consider whether American workers would be happy in this system. Japanese workers have dedicated themselves to this system without major resistance since the late 1960s in Japan.3. On the other hand, although Japan has achieved strong international competitiveness, in the process of development it has also created such severe problems as the ultimate centralization of Tokyo and environmental degradation. Strong criticisms from foreign countries, as well as domestic problems involving labor shortage, have seemed to push Japanese policies from economic development-preferring to amenity-oriented in the fields of industrial and regional development. From this point of view, the Japanese people have begun to pay attention to the operation of Japan's transplants in the U. S., American ways of restructuring (including the Pittsburgh model of transformation from "Smog City" to "the Most Livable City in the U. S. "), and American-born redistribution systems of development profits (such as commercial-residential development linkage and growth management). Those are all manifestations of the impacts of U. S. -Japan socioeconomic exchange.

1. 随着日本在全球市场上的地位迅速提高，以及美日之间的经济冲突日益加剧，美日之间的交流在政府和私人层面都变得更加活跃。过去十年最显著的变化是日本对美直接投资的快速增长，这已经开始对美国和日本的地区结构调整产生影响。在美国，面对日本公司的挑战，曾经支撑美国经济的重工业已经衰落，中西部和东部的老工业城市遭到严重破坏。虽然这种灵活的工作分配制度的优点是更容易找到工作。与传统的美国体制相比，竞争更激烈，我们必须彻底考虑美国工人在这种体制下是否会快乐。自20世纪60年代末以来，日本工人一直致力于这一制度，没有遇到重大阻力。另一方面，日本虽然取得了较强的国际竞争力，但在发展过程中也产生了严重的问题，如东京的极端中心化、环境恶化等。来自国外的强烈批评，以及涉及劳动力短缺的国内问题，似乎推动了日本在工业和区域发展领域的政策从经济发展转向以便利为导向。从这个角度来看，日本人已经开始关注日本在美国移植的运作，美国的重组方式（包括从“烟雾之城”到“美国最宜居城市”的匹兹堡模式）。)，以及诞生于美国的开发利润再分配制度（如商住开发联动和增长管理）。这些都是美日社会经济交流影响的表现。