Studies on the Regional Exploitation of Underdeveloped Area in China --The Exploitation of Primary Industry in Loessal Gully Hill Area--

1. 近年来，在中国，自由经济政策特别是市场原则的试点，正在缩小地区、行业和经济增长管理之间的差距。在中国，如何像日本一样开发经济欠发达地区也成为一个重要的问题。黄土丘陵沟壑区位于中国西北部，是一个非常不发达的地区。因此，该地区的开发利用不仅对该地区本身来说是一个大问题，而且对国家层面来说也是一个大问题。在我们的联合研究中，我们的目的是通过日本和中国的比较研究，为欠发达地区的开发做出贡献——适应过去对中国中部山区人口减少问题的研究成果，并在中国欠发达地区进行调查。我们按照以下方法进行了这个项目。(1)第一个会计年度，所有日本成员前往中国收集数据和研究资料，供中央民族学院参考。然后我们搬到了宁夏回族自治区银川。在与宁夏社会科学院科研人员的会议上，我们讨论了调查区域和方法，并进入了宁夏回族自治区南部黄土沟壑区丘陵区的调查区域——通新县、海原县、西吉县和固原州。调查的观点如下。(1)区域社会经济结构调查。(2)产业结构特别是农林养牛产业结构和乡村结构现状调查。（三）土地利用和劳动条件变化调查。(4)区域政策与乡村人口迁移的现状与问题调查。(5)社会文化状况调查。(3)第二会计年度，我们邀请中国会员到日本对岛根县人口稀少地区的区域开发问题现状进行了调查。调查的观点与中国的调查一致。但是，除了前面几点，我们还重视了由于引进工厂而造成的工农业经济差距。另一方面，我们调查了作为减少人口控制政策的乡村流动问题的现实。(4)通过对中国欠发达地区和日本人口减少地区调查结果的分析，试图为黄土沟壑区的区域开发提供方向。最终的部分结果在“中日松江国际会议——丝绸之路与三仁区——（1990年11月21 -22日）”上由中日两国代表公布。当然，日本与中国黄土沟壑区的社会经济状况有很大的不同。但我们认为，在农业、林业和畜牧业生产力发展的政策方向上，我们有很多共同点。特别是随着市场原则的引入，农产品增值政策的重要性日益凸显。我们可以就这部分的一些重要方向提出建议。少

1. Recently in China, the gap between the regions, the industries and the managements of economic growth are spread by free economy policy especially trial introduction of market principle. Also in China, it become to be a important problem how to exploit of the underdeveloped areas in economy like Japan. The Loessal gully hill area, that is laid in the north-west of China, is very underdeveloped. So the exploitation of this area is a large problem not only to this area itself but also to national level. In our joint research, we had purposed to contribute to the exploitation of underdeveloped area by the comparative study between in the case of Japan and China -- to adapt the results of the studies on depopulation problems in Chugoku mountains district in the past and to survey in the underdeveloped area in China.2. We had carried out this project following methods.(1) In the first fiscal year, all Japanese member went to China and collected data and research materials for reference i … More n Central Institute of Nationalities. Then we moved to Yin-Chuan of Ning-Xia Hui Autonomous Region. In the meeting with research members of Social Sciences Academy of Ningxia, we discussed about survey areas and methods, and we went into survey area of the Loessal gully hill area in southern part of Ning-Xia Hui Autonomous Region -- Tong-Xin, Hai-Yuan, Xi-Ji and Gu-Yuan prefecture --.(2) The view points of the survey were as follows. (1) The survey on social and economic structure of the regions. (2) The survey on the realities of industrial structure, especially agriculture, forestry and cattle breeding and village structure. (3) The survey on the change of land uses and working conditions. (4) The survey on the realities and the problems of regional policy and village population migration. (5) The survey on the social and cultural situations.(3) In the second fiscal year, we invited Chinese members to Japan and surveyed on the realities of regional exploitation problems in depopulat area in Shimane pref. The view points of the survey were same in the survey of China. But in addition to the former points, we attached importance to the economic gap between agriculture and industry that was caused by inviting factory. On the other hand, we surveyed on the realities of village movement problems as a depopulation control policy.(4) We tried to orientate the way of regional exploitation of the Loessal gully hill area by the analisys that depended on the results of the survey of underdeveloped area in China and depopulation area in Japan. Some parts of the Final results were announced at "Matsue International Congress between Japan and China -- The Silkroad and San-in District -- (21st-22nd, Nov., 1990)" by members of Japan and China. Of course, there are very different conditions of social and economic situations between Japan and the Loessal gully hill area in China. But we think we have many common points about the policy directions on the productivity development of agriculture, forestry and cattle breeding. Especially by the introduction of market principle, added value policy of farm products are increased its importance. We could suggest about some important dirctions to this part. Less