Regional Structural Change and Economic Revitalization Strategies in International Perspective

本项目是由美国匹兹堡大学主办的“国际视野下的区域结构变化与经济振兴”国际项目的一部分。众所周知，匹兹堡正在从重工业城市向科技知识密集型城市转型。不仅是匹兹堡，世界上其他工业城市也面临着重工业衰落和城市自身衰落的问题。匹兹堡经验的国际语境化对于区域政策制定和作为社会科学的政策科学都是有益的。在这个项目中，日本的两个老工业城市北九州和长崎与匹兹堡进行了比较。研究方法为访谈、座谈会和统计调查。我们的主要结论如下：第一个问题是区域振兴战略的内容。匹兹堡放弃了曾经的主要工业钢铁，正在向所谓的科学密集型城市发展。城市间竞争和比较优势是城市战略制定的关键词。第二个问题是区域振兴的主体问题。匹兹堡虽然以公私合营闻名，但与日本的民营化政策有很大的不同。最重要的一点是，在匹兹堡，非营利部门协调其他部门，包括公共部门和营利性部门。除了引领匹兹堡市中心重建的著名的ACCD之外，社区开发公司也变得活跃起来。匹兹堡大学（University of Pittsburgh）和卡内基梅隆大学（Carnegie-Mellon University）这两所研究型大学在打造科学密集型城市的过程中发挥了关键作用。第三个问题是政策目标及其结果的量化。在匹兹堡，政策是通过工作和人口的变化来评估的。相比之下，日本没有这样明确的指标。

This project is a part of an international project on "Regional Structural Change and Economic Revitalization in International Perspective" sponsored by the University of Pittsburgh. As well known, Pittsburgh is now transforming from heavy industrial city to science and knowledge intensive city. Not only Pittsburgh but also other industrial cities in the world are facing the problem of decline heavy industries and decline of the city itself. Internationally contextualization of the experiences of Pittsburgh must be useful for both regional policy making and policy science as a social science.In this project, two Japanese old industrial cities, Kitakyushu and Amagasaki, were compared with Pittsburgh. The research methods were interviews, symposiums and statistical survey.Our main conclusions are follows ;The first issue is the content of the strategy for regional revitalization. Giving up the steel industry which had been the main, Pittsburgh is going towards so-called science intensive city. The key words of making strategy are competition among cities and comparative advantage.The second issue is on agents or actor in the regional revitalization. Although Pittsburgh is well known by its public-private-patnership, it is far different from the Japanese privatization policies. The most important point is that nonprofit sector coordinate the other sectors, public and for-profit, in Pittsburgh. Adding to famous ACCD, which led the redevelopment of the downtown Pittsburgh, community development corporations become active. Two research universities, the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie-Mellon University play the pivotal roll in making science intensive city.The third issue is quantification of policy targets and their results. In Pittsburgh, policies are evaluated by change of jobs and population. On the contrast, Japan does not have such clear index.