A Study of Chinese Characters in Common Use in Documents of the Medieval Period

本研究分为三个阶段。第一阶段是为研究准备基础材料，收集中世纪文献。第二阶段是掌握汉字在现有实际条件下的基本用法。第三阶段是分析汉字使用的基本原则，对常用、不常用等汉字进行历史和比较研究。在每个阶段都取得了良好的效果。第一阶段和第二阶段由于时间不够而被淘汰。第三阶段的主要部分简述如下：镰仓幕府政府法（gosebai -sikimoku and Tuikaho）是明确为当时的武士和人民制定的法律。该法律是在通用汉字的基础上，以日化的中文写作风格起草的，以使公众能够理解。在此之前，宫廷贵族的法律，如《利寿法典》，使用的是更正宗的中国风格。根据对《镰仓幕府政法》字数的研究，武士和百姓要学习大约一千个字才能过正常的日常生活。在日本普遍使用的分类器被认为是在文献语言中建立的。日本纪实语言是在中国古代的影响下形成的，其分类是相同的。目前很难用手头的材料来证明这一点。随着新的研究材料的出现，即带有书面语言的竹条或木条，将得到极大的重视。根据这些新材料，可以证明日本的分类器最初来自中国古代的“琉璃”。3 .以“十部”和“七部”为样本，对“一hahajiruisho”词汇的常用和实用原则进行了研究。我发现《云朔来》在中世纪时期被皇室、贵族和佛教僧侣用作书法的典范和读本。少

This research is divided into three stages. The first stage is to draw up the fundamental materials for research and to collect documents of the Medieval period. The second stage is to grasp the fundamental usage of Kanji (chinese characters) under the actual conditions in existence. The third stage is to analyze the basic principles of character usage, make historic and comparative studies of the characters in common use, rarely used and others.In each of the stages, good results were obtained. The first stage and second stage are eliminated due to a lack of time. A brief summary of the main part of the third stage is as follows:1. Kamakura Shogunate Government Law (Goseibai-sikimoku and Tuikaho) is the law which is plainly enacted for the samurais and people of the time. This law was drawn up in a Japanized Chinese writing style based on the Kanji in common use to make it intelligible to the general public. Befoe then, the court noble laws, such as the Ritsuryo Legal Codes, used a ma … More inly authentic Chinese style.According to the research of the number of characters used in the Kamakura Shogunate Government Law, the samurais and people had to learn around a thousand characters to lead normal daily lives.2. The classifiers that are in common use in Japan are considered to have been established in the documentary languages. Japanese documentary languages were formed under the influence of Ancient China and the classifiers are the same. It is difficult to prove this with the material on hand at this time. As new research material becomes available, namely, bamboo or wooden strips with written language on them, will be given great attention. According to these new materials, it is being proved that the Japanese classifiers are originally from the "Ryo shi" of ancient China.3. I did research on the common use and practical use principles with " Ten-bu" and "Chi-bu" as samples of the vocabulary of "Irohajiruisho"4. I discovered that "Unshuo rai" was used as a good example for calligraphy and also as readers by the imperial family, the nobility and the Buddhist monks in the Medieval Period. Less