A Study of Word Usage in Medieval Records and Paleography and Its Penetration into Speech Language

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This is the summary report of my research during the 12th fiscal year 2001 〜 2002. The survey was conducted to obtain the examples from Hyohanki in the Insei period and Meigetsuki in the Insei ・ Kamakura periods. The database from Gyokuyo and Azumakagami, were made use of to compare the illustrations. This research aims to discuss the four topics as follows: (1) the use and the semantic change of recording words "kirokugo". (2) the appearances of " karana ・ imyo" (3) the influence of colloquialism in the To period and Chinese poems written in Japan on old records (4) the influence of Chinese documents on old records.The results of my research are summarized as follows. ▼ From the late Heian period toward Insei period the appearances of "imyo" and "karana " gradually increase. It is found out that in Hyohanki the scattering appearances of these words are noticed, but that in Meigetsuki and Gyokuyo they come to be used more frequently. ▼ Some words, whose use can be traced from colloquialism in To to Chinese poems written in Japan, are still used in old recording documents. They are classified into three groups. (1) the words which are familiar in the Heian and Kamakura periods (e.g. jiyo, shisai, etc.) (2) the words whose occurrences are common in some documents, e.g. touji, tsugou, etc.. (3) the words whose occurrences are rare in some documents e.g. hata, toro, etc.) ▼ Some Chinese characters with their Japanese pronunciation are noted in Hyohamki. ▼ In Meigetuki, the changing aspect of recording style can be pointed out. Kazuma Saiki picks up 27 examples as recording words in his book entitled Illustrations of Recording Words. Among them 20 are illustrated in my research, e.g. iujakubou, kaikou, etc.. ▼ Compared to Saiki, 16 from 32 words he mentions in his book are found in Meigetsuki.