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A Study of the Interrelation between Grammatical Knowledge and Discourse Factors

语法知识与话语因素之间的相互关系研究

基本信息

批准号：
01510276
负责人：
YAMANASHI Masa-aki
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

When we attempt to clarify the underlying mechanism of natural languages, it is necessary to explicate the information structures of discourse and contextual information as well as grammatical structures of sentences.Linguistic studies in the past have paid attention to the syntactic structures and formal rules of sentences. However, little attention has been paid to the interrelation between grammar and discourse. In the present study, an attempt was made to clarify the interrelation between grammatical knowledge and a variety of factors involved in discourse phenomena, comparing and examining those factors which characterize the information structures of Japanese and English.In this study, especially the following problems were investigated. :1) Pragmatic factors involved in the understanding of individual sentences which compose a given discourse (e. g., speech-act functions, elocutionary forces, perlocutionary forces, conventional implicatures, etc.),2) Semantic and conceptual fact … More ors which characterize the propositional content of individual sentences in a given discourse (e. g., truth-conditions, idiomatic concepts of phrases and lexical meanings, logical connectives, etc.),3) Those factors which are involved in the informational processing of pragmatic inferences (e. g., conversational implicatures, extra-linguistic knowledge, script and/or frame-based knowledge, etc.).In the present study, an attempt was also made clarify the linguistic status of those factors which characterize the underlying structure of dialogs and those characterizing the covert contexts of discourses.The results obtained through the present research are significant in the following respects. First, the pragmatic and semantic factors clarified in 1) and 2) above will contribute to the modelling of a discourse understanding system for natural languages. This kind of modelling is to explicate the internal information processing of contextbased understanding in our ordinary communication. Second, those results obtained in the study 3) above help us understand the concrete ways in which we gain pragmatic and extra-linguistic information from the context of a given discourse and from a variety of inferences based on that context. Less

当我们试图阐明自然语言的内在机制时，有必要阐明语篇和语境信息的信息结构以及句子的语法结构。过去的语言学研究主要关注句子的句法结构和形式规则。然而，语法与语篇之间的相互关系却很少受到重视。本研究试图阐明语法知识与话语现象中涉及的各种因素之间的相互关系，并对日语和英语信息结构特征的因素进行比较和考察。在本研究中，重点研究了以下问题。1)理解构成给定语篇的单个句子所涉及的语用因素（如言语行为功能、言语力量、行言力量、常规含义等）；2)语义和概念事实……更多表征给定语篇中单个句子的命题内容的因素（如真值条件、短语和词汇意义的习惯概念、逻辑连接词等）。3)与语用推理的信息加工有关的因素（如会话含义、语言外知识、脚本和/或基于框架的知识等）。在本研究中，我们还试图澄清那些表征对话的潜在结构和表征话语的隐性语境的因素的语言学地位。本研究的结果在以下几个方面具有重要意义。首先，上文1)和2)中阐明的语用和语义因素将有助于自然语言语篇理解系统的建模。这种建模是为了说明我们日常交际中基于上下文的理解的内部信息处理过程。其次，上述研究(3)中获得的结果帮助我们理解了我们从给定话语的语境和基于该语境的各种推断中获取语用和语言外信息的具体方式。少