Characteristic Analysis of Financial Leasing and the Convention on International Leasing

融资租赁特点分析及国际租赁公约

• 批准号: 63520019
• 负责人: KATO Masanobu
• 金额: $ 1.02万
• 依托单位: School of Law, Nagoya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1988 至 1989
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63520019/
• 关键词: International financial leasing; Lease convention; Tax avoidance through leasing transaction; Financial leasing; Leveraged lease; Lease accounting; リ-スの税務通達; リース; 国際リース; ユニドロワ条約; 国際ファイナンス条約

Major findings of this research are a character of the UNIDROIT Convention on International Financial Leasing arid social functions of leasing transaction.The UNIDROIT Convention on International Financial Leasing was adopted in Ottawa on May 28,1988. A unique point of this convention is a user-protection- character, which is a result of the hard discussion between lessee- and lessor- countries in the diplomatic conference. Some points of user-protection-character of this convention are compulsory.The most important social function of leasing transaction is tax avoidance. When a user purchases assets, he can enjoy depreciation during period of the life of assets described by law. When a user acquires the assets through leasing transaction, he can decide leasing period as he likes. In case he decides shorter period than the life of the assets described by law, rent is usually higher than the depreciation amount of the assets. Accordingly, the user can decrease the amount of his profits and save his tax. This saved tax is shared by the user and the lessor. In case the user chooses longer period than the life of the assets described by law, rent is usually lower than the depreciation amount of the assets. In this case, not the user but the lessor can decrease the amount of his profits and save his tax. This saved tax is also shared by user and the lessor. The latter type of leasing transaction is called as leveraged lease.From the view point of accounting, the user can hide his substantial debt in accounting document in Japan. Although this practice is very problematic for investors and financiers, the above point is one of the main reasons why leasing transactions become popular in Japan.

本研究的主要发现是1988年5月28日在渥太华通过的国际统一私法协会《国际融资租赁公约》的一个特点和租赁交易的社会功能。该公约的一个独特之处是具有保护使用者的性质，这是承租国和出租国在外交会议上激烈讨论的结果。该公约的保护使用者性质的某些观点是强制性的，租赁交易最重要的社会功能是避税。当用户购买资产时，他可以在法律规定的资产寿命期间享受折旧。当用户通过租赁交易获得资产时，他可以根据自己的喜好决定租赁期限。如果他决定短于法律规定的资产寿命，租金通常高于资产的折旧额。因此，用户可以减少他的利润额并节省他的税款。这笔节省的税款由用户和出租人分享。如果用户选择比法律规定的资产寿命更长的期限，租金通常低于资产的折旧额。在这种情况下，不是使用者，而是出租人可以减少他的利润和节省他的税收。这节省的税款也由用户和出租人分享。后一种租赁交易被称为杠杆租赁，从会计角度来看，日本的使用者可以在会计凭证中隐藏其巨额债务。虽然这种做法对投资者和融资者来说是很有问题的，但上述观点是租赁交易在日本流行的主要原因之一。

项目成果

加藤雅信: "ファイナンス・リ-ス(2)" ジュリスト. 950号. 104-111 (1990)

加藤正信：《融资租赁（2）》法学家第 950. 104-111 号。

加藤雅信: "Unidroit Convention on International Financial Leasing and Lease Theory" 私法. 52号. (1990)

加藤正信：《国际统法协会国际融资租赁和租赁理论公约》私法第 52 号。（1990 年）

加藤雅信: NBL. (1989)

加藤正信：NBL（1989）

加藤雅信: "ファイナンス・リ-ス(1)" ジュリスト. 948号. 62-68 (1990)

加藤正信：《融资租赁（1）》法学家第948. 62-68号。

M. Kato: "Financial Leasing (1)" Jurist, 948, 62-68, 1990.

M. Kato：《金融租赁（1）》法学家，948, 62-68, 1990。