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Amino Acid Nutrition and Brain Function

氨基酸营养与大脑功能

基本信息

批准号：
63560091
负责人：
YOKOGOSHI Hidehiko
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
The University of Shizuoka
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Tryptophan and tyrosine are the amino acids to build blocks of protein, and are present in most foods. The composition and function of the brain can be altered by tryptophan and tyrosine because they are the precursors of neurotransmitters: substances that are released from a neuron, or nerve cen, when it fires. The neurotransmitter thereby conveys the nerve impulse across a synapse to either another neuron, a muscle cell or secretary cell. Tryptophan is converted in the terminals of certain neurons into the neurotransmitter serotonin. Tyrosine serves as the precursor of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine, which are collectively called the catecholamine transmitters. The synthesis and release of neurotransmitters may regulate some important behavioral mechanisms (such as the control of pain, appetite, sleep, mood and performance). So, relationships between neurochemical changes caused by amino acid supplementation to low protein diet and a brightness-discrimination learning test … More were investigated.1. The concentrations of brain tryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid(5HIAA) significantly increased by the addition of 0.1% of tryptophan to corn diet, then the learning ability was improved. Especially the frequency of R-(incorrect response) decreased.2. When rats were fed a 10% soy protein isolate diet supplemented with methionine and threonine(supplemented levels fulfill two-fold of each amino acid requirement), the concentrations of brain tryptophan, serotonin and 5HIAA sharply decreased. By the brightness-discrimination learning test, the total response(R^+; correct + R^-; incorrect) of rats fed amino acid supplemented group increased as compared with those of rats fed non-supplemented basal diet. Correct response ratios of primary learning test did not change, but in reverse learning test, its response ratios of rats fed amino acid supplemented diet increased. Therefore, it may be considered that the activities of serotoninergic neurons(such as the concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoles, or the synthesis and release of neurotransmitters) and some behavioral activities(such as memory-learning) are correlated with the nut ritional stages, so these neurochemical and neuropharmacological parameters may be considered as possible measures for the nutritional and safety evaluation of diets. Less

色氨酸和酪氨酸是构成蛋白质的氨基酸，存在于大多数食物中。色氨酸和酪氨酸可以改变大脑的组成和功能，因为它们是神经递质的前体：当神经元或神经中心被激发时，它们会释放物质。神经递质通过突触将神经冲动传递到另一个神经元、肌肉细胞或分泌细胞。色氨酸在某些神经元的末端转化为神经递质血清素。酪氨酸是多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素的前体，它们统称为儿茶酚胺递质。神经递质的合成和释放可以调节一些重要的行为机制（如疼痛、食欲、睡眠、情绪和表现的控制）。因此，低蛋白饮食补充氨基酸引起的神经化学变化与亮度辨别学习测试之间的关系 ...更多信息进行了调查。1.在玉米日粮中添加0.1%的色氨酸，可显著提高脑内色氨酸、5-羟色胺和5-羟吲哚乙酸（5 HIAA）的含量，提高学习能力。特别是R-（错误反应）的频率降低.当大鼠喂食10%的大豆分离蛋白饮食补充蛋氨酸和苏氨酸（补充水平满足每种氨基酸需求的两倍），脑色氨酸，血清素和5 HIAA的浓度急剧下降。通过亮度辨别学习实验，与未添加氨基酸的基础饲料组相比，添加氨基酸组大鼠的总反应（R^+;正确+ R^-;不正确）增加。初级学习测验的正确反应率无明显变化，但在反向学习测验中，补充氨基酸饲料的大鼠其反应率增加。因此，可以认为，胆碱能神经元的活动（如5-羟基吲哚的浓度，或神经递质的合成和释放）和某些行为活动（如记忆-学习）与营养阶段相关，因此这些神经化学和神经药理学参数可以被认为是评价饮食营养和安全性的可能指标。少