Physiological roles in neutral and humoral control of venous system

为了评估静脉平滑肌的神经和体液控制模式，我们已经进行了研究的兔，犬，猴静脉壁的胺能神经纤维的密度的乙醛酸组织化学技术的区域差异，并在离体犬和猴平滑肌的血管收缩和血管舒张反应的效力。实验结果如下：（1）门静脉、下腔静脉、肾静脉和髂总静脉的氨能神经纤维分布最密集。(2)肌内部的股静脉和外隐静脉的静脉壁内有稀疏的神经纤维。(3)在猴、犬和兔静脉系统中观察到胺能神经支配的异质性，但胺能神经纤维的密度在猴静脉中最高，在兔中最低。(4)在离体猴和犬静脉中，对血管收缩剂和血管舒张剂的药理学反应存在显著异质性。(5)因此，从药理学的角度来看，静脉平滑肌的反应性分为以下三组：（1）腹腔静脉、髂静脉、肾静脉和门静脉;（2）胸腔静脉、四肢静脉和颈静脉;（3）腋静脉和锁骨下静脉。(6)在猴静脉系统中，第三组静脉未被区分，因此第三组静脉可能是四肢动物静脉平滑肌药理反应的一个特征，与猴和人相比。

To evaluate the mode of neural and humoral control on venous smooth muscles, we have undertaken to study regional differences in the density of aminergic nerve fibers of the rabbit, canine, and monkey venous walls by glyoxylic acid-histochemical techniques, and in the potency in vasoconstrictive and vasodilative responses of isolated canine and monkey smooth muscles. The experimental results are summarized as follows: (1) The aminergic nerve fibers innervate most densely in the portal vein, inferior caval vein, renal vein, and common iliac vein. (2) The nerve fibers present sparsely in the venous walls of femoral vein and lateral saphenous vein at the intramuscular portion. (3) The heterogeneity in the aminergic innervation was observed in the monkey, canine, and rabbit venous system, but the density of aminergic nerve fibers was highest in the monkey veins and lowest in the rabbit. (4) There were marked heterogeneity in pharmacological responses to vasoconstrictive and vasodilative agents in isolated monkey and canine veins. (5) Thus, from the pharmacological points of view, the responsiveness of venous smooth muscle was divided as following three groups: (1) abdominal caval vein, iliac veins, renal vein, and portal vein; (2) thoracic caval vein, extremity veins, and cervical veins; (3) axillar vein and subclavian vein. (6) In monkey venous system, the third group was not distinguished, therefore the third grouped veins may be a characteristic feature of the pharmacological responses of venous smooth muscles in animal with four extremities, comparing with monkey and human being.