Physiological roles in neutral and humoral control of venous system

为了探讨神经和体液对静脉平滑肌的调控方式，我们用乙醛酸组化法研究了兔、犬和猴静脉壁的胺能神经纤维密度的区域性差异，以及犬和猴离体肌对血管收缩和扩张反应的效力差异。实验结果如下：(1)在门静脉、下腔静脉、肾静脉和髂总静脉中，胺能神经纤维分布最为密集。(2)股静脉和外侧隐静脉肌内部静脉壁内神经纤维分布稀疏。(3)猴、犬和兔静脉系统的胺能神经分布存在异质性，但猴静脉的胺能神经纤维密度最高，兔的最低。(4)猴、犬静脉对血管收缩药和扩血管药的药理反应具有明显的异质性。(5)从药理学角度将静脉平滑肌的反应性分为三组：(1)腹腔静脉、髂静脉、肾静脉和门静脉；(2)胸腔静脉、肢体静脉和颈静脉；(3)腋静脉和锁骨下静脉。(6)在猴的静脉系统中，第三组静脉未被区分，因此，第三组静脉可能是四肢动物静脉平滑肌药理反应的一个特征。

To evaluate the mode of neural and humoral control on venous smooth muscles, we have undertaken to study regional differences in the density of aminergic nerve fibers of the rabbit, canine, and monkey venous walls by glyoxylic acid-histochemical techniques, and in the potency in vasoconstrictive and vasodilative responses of isolated canine and monkey smooth muscles. The experimental results are summarized as follows: (1) The aminergic nerve fibers innervate most densely in the portal vein, inferior caval vein, renal vein, and common iliac vein. (2) The nerve fibers present sparsely in the venous walls of femoral vein and lateral saphenous vein at the intramuscular portion. (3) The heterogeneity in the aminergic innervation was observed in the monkey, canine, and rabbit venous system, but the density of aminergic nerve fibers was highest in the monkey veins and lowest in the rabbit. (4) There were marked heterogeneity in pharmacological responses to vasoconstrictive and vasodilative agents in isolated monkey and canine veins. (5) Thus, from the pharmacological points of view, the responsiveness of venous smooth muscle was divided as following three groups: (1) abdominal caval vein, iliac veins, renal vein, and portal vein; (2) thoracic caval vein, extremity veins, and cervical veins; (3) axillar vein and subclavian vein. (6) In monkey venous system, the third group was not distinguished, therefore the third grouped veins may be a characteristic feature of the pharmacological responses of venous smooth muscles in animal with four extremities, comparing with monkey and human being.