Basic and Clinical Studies of Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer and Precancer with The Color Computer

用微型彩色计算机(SM-5-FCH，Suga测试仪器有限公司生产)对正常口腔粘膜和口腔疾病的颜色进行评价。这种颜色是在孟塞尔色系之后显现出来的。用微型彩色计算机测量了粘膜的色调和色值，但由于色度比目视配色法低1.5~2，因此无法测量色度。正常粘膜的色调为5R~7.5YR，色度为3.5~6，色度为2~6。白斑颜色5RP~5YR，色度3~8，色度1~10。单纯性白斑以白色高值低色度多见，白斑伴上皮异型增生多以鲜红色低值高色度多见。口腔鳞状细胞癌的色调为10RP~5Y，色度为3~8，色度为1~12。口腔癌的颜色特征为暗红白浅黄，而白斑则表现为亮红白相间的颜色特征，提示颜色测量方法可用于口腔黏膜疾病的诊断，但不能完全测量口腔粘膜的颜色。颜色诊断需要颜色测量仪器的发展和颜色测量方法的改进。

The color of the normal mucosa and diseases of the oral cavity were evaluated with using The Micro Color Computer (SM-5-FCH ; made by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd). The color was showed after Munsell color system. The hue and value of the mucosa were measured with Micro Color Computer, but chroma could not be measured with this system, because chroma is understimated 1.5 to 2 less than by the visual color matching method. So, hue and value were measured with this system but chroma was evaluated with the visual color matching method.The color of the normal mucosa ranged from 5R to 7.5YR in hue, 3.5 to 6 in value and 2 to 6 in chroma. The color of leukoplakia ranged from 5RP to 5YR, 3 to 8 in value and 1 to 10 in chroma. The white color as high in value and low in chroma were frequently found in the simple leukoplakias but the bright red color as low in value and high in chroma were frequently found in leukoplakias with epithelial dysplasia. The color of oral squamous cell carcinoma ranged from 10RP to 5Y in hue, 3 to 8 in value and 1 to 12 in chroma. The color characteristics of oral cancer were dark red and white with slight yelloW, compared with leukoplakia showing bright red and white.As the results, it was suggested that the disease of oral mucosa can be diagnosed with color measuring method, but the color cannot be completely measured with this system. Development of color measuring instrument and improvement of color measuring method are required for diagnosis by color measurement.