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Comparison of Properties of Brainstem Cholinergic and Noradrenergic Neurons in Vivo and in Vitro

脑干胆碱能和去甲肾上腺素能神经元体内外特性的比较

基本信息

批准号：
01570069
负责人：
KAYAMA Yukihiko
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Fukushima Medical College
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01570069/
关键词：
Cholinergic neuron Noradrenergic neuron Serotonergic neuron Paradoxical sleep Wakefulness Brain stem Ascending reticular activating system Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus Cholinergic neuron laterodorsal tegmental nucleus noradrenergic n

项目摘要

1) Two kinds of action potentials (spikes) were recorded extracellularly in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) of the rat anesthetized with urethane, that is "brief spikes" and "broad spikes" , distinguished clearly with width of spikes. The latter were very similar to spikes generated by noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC) or serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR). The majority of LDT neurons projecting to the forebrain sites had broad spikes, which, with an anatomical evidence, suggests that the broad-spike neurons are cholinergic.2) The broad spikes could be recorded intracellularly from LDT neurons in in vitro slice preparation of the brainstem. (We could not perform this experiment further in order to concentrate our efforts in the below experiments.)3) To clarify functional roles of mesopontine cholinergic neurons as a component of an activating system, single neuronal activity in the LDT of undrugged rats, whose head was fixed painlessly, was r … More ecorded along with cortical EEG and neck EMG. Activity of some LC and DR neurons was also recorded for comparison. Most of animals had been sleep-deprived for 24 hours. Observation was made only on neurons generating broad spikes, known from previous studies to be cholinergic or monoaminergic. The position of recorded neurons was marked by pontamine sky blue ejected from the glass pipette microelectrode, and was identified on sections processed for NADPH diaphorase histochemistry which stained cholinergic neurons specifically.4) According to their firing rates during wakefulness (AW), slow wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS), 46 broad-spike neurons in the LDT were classified into four groups : i) neurons most active during AW and silent during PS (some of these neurons might be serotonergic rather than cholinergic, as substantially all of 10 neurons in the LC and 9 neurons in the DR) ; ii) neurons most active during PS and silent during AW ; iii) neurons equally more active during AW and PS than SWS ; and iv) others mainly characterized by transiently facilitated activity at awaking and/or onset of PS. Neurons of groups ii and iii were the main constituent of the LDT, either group populating about 40% of the LDT neurons. In most neurons change in firing preceded EEG change, except at awaking from PS.5) Sensory stimulation such as light touch to the tail or air puff to the face simply induced a state of firing during higher vigilance levels in some neurons, while in others the sensory stimulation evoked phasic responses habituated by repetition.6) The results of the present and other studies suggest that i) the LDT is composed of cholinergic neurons with heterogenous characteristics in relation to sleep/wakefulness (and also to sensory responses), the majority displaying heightened activity in PS or in PS and AW, and ii) some tegmental cholinergic neurons play a pivotal role in induction and maintenance of PS, while having but a minor role in the ascending activation relevant to consciousness. Less

1)用乌拉坦麻醉大鼠，在被盖背外侧核（LDT）细胞外记录到两种动作电位（峰电位），即“短峰电位”和“宽峰电位”。后者与蓝斑（LC）的去甲肾上腺素能神经元或中缝背核（DR）的去甲肾上腺素能神经元产生的棘波非常相似。大部分LDT神经元投射到前脑部位的宽峰电位，这与解剖学证据相一致，提示这些宽峰电位神经元具有胆碱能性。(We为了集中精力进行下面的实验，我们不能进一步进行这个实验。）3)为了阐明中脑桥脑胆碱能神经元作为激活系统的一个组成部分的功能作用，我们观察了头部被无痛固定的未受损伤大鼠LDT中单个神经元的活动。 ...更多信息沿着皮层脑电图和颈部肌电图。还记录了一些LC和DR神经元的活动以供比较。大多数动物已被剥夺睡眠24小时。仅对产生宽尖峰的神经元进行观察，从先前的研究中已知这些神经元是胆碱能或单胺能的。记录神经元的位置用玻璃吸管微电极喷出的Pontamine天蓝色标记，并在切片上进行NADPH黄递酶组织化学染色。4）根据觉醒（AW）、慢波睡眠（SWS）和反常睡眠（PS）时的放电频率，将46个LDT中的宽峰神经元分为4组：i）AW期间最活跃的神经元和PS期间沉默的神经元（这些神经元中的一些可能是胆碱能神经元而不是胆碱能神经元，如LC中的10个神经元和DR中的9个神经元中的基本上所有神经元）; ii）在PS期间最活跃的神经元和在AW期间沉默的神经元; iii）在AW和PS期间比SWS同样更活跃的神经元;和iv）其他主要特征为觉醒和/或PS发作时的瞬时易化活动。神经元的组II和III的LDT的主要组成部分，无论是人口约40%的LDT神经元。在大多数神经元中，放电的变化先于EEG的变化，除了在从PS中醒来时。5）感觉刺激，例如轻触尾巴或对面部吹气，在一些神经元中，在较高的警觉水平期间简单地诱导放电状态，而在另一些人中，感觉刺激诱发了通过重复而习惯的阶段性反应。6）本研究和其他研究的结果表明：i）LDT由与睡眠/觉醒相关的具有异质性特征的胆碱能神经元组成（以及感觉反应），大多数在PS或PS和AW中显示出增强的活性，和ii）一些被盖胆碱能神经元在PS的诱导和维持中起关键作用，而在与意识相关的提升激活中只扮演一个次要角色。少