Scientific surrey on the structure and history of large masonry dome* in Asia Minor and its surrounding districts

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From August 1 to October 6 of 1992, our group carried out a series of surveys and measurements concerning historical and structural studies of the dome and semi-domes of Hagia Sophia, Istanbul. Our research contains the following four works.1) Photogrammetry of the western semi-dome and the central dome.2) Measurement of the micro tremor.3) Chemical analysis of building materials.4) Detailed observation and visual recording of the dome cornice.The result of the photogrammetry is the contour maps of the western semi-dome and the central dome including pendentives. The digitized mesh data will be approximately 71,000 points for the central dome and 31,000 for the four pendentives. The analysis of the contour map of the central dome may give some information about the exact borders of the 6th century section adjoining to the reconstructed surface of 10th and 14th century. The area between the dome and the cornice could not be photographed from the floor because of the projection of the la … More tter . The photogrammetry from the cornice was done but since data was not sufficient due to the Fossati railing blocking the view of this area, direct measurement were taken as compensation. The surveying work included the measurement of the inclination of the surface of the cornice stones. The surface finishing of the cornice stones was also examined and recorded.In order to obtain a series of structural information, simultaneous micro tremor measurements were carried out. According to our measurements, the fundamental frequency of Hagia Sophia is about I Hz in both Ns and EW directions. Micro tremors of the two of the four minarets were also measured. The fundamental frequencies of the south-west stone minaret and the south-east brick minaret are 1 Hz and 1.25 Hz respectively.The chemical and physical analyses of the samples taken from the city wall of Istanbul include Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis, Infrared spectroscopy and SEM analysis. Less