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Deterioration and conservation of historical buildings

历史建筑的损毁与保护

基本信息

批准号：
06041013
负责人：
HIDAKA Kenichiro
金额：
$ 19.78万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The subjects of the present research are : 1) the accurate documentation of the deterioration of the Hagia Sophia, 2) non-destructive examination of the masonry, and 3) long-term monitoring of the monument. The data obtained through the research should be integrated into a future restoration program of the Hagia Sophia.The documentation of the building includes : a) photogramtric survey of the upper structure (the central dome, the adjacent semi-domes, the four great arches and pendentives, the northern and southern tympana), b) the measuring of the inclination of four great piers and of the deformation of the four great arches, and c) detailed recording of the deterioration of the inner surface of the central dome.The result of the photogram metry has been summarized as a series of contour maps of the inner spheres, given as both graphical representation and digitized coordinate data. For the direct measurement of the uppermost point in the intrados of the great arches, a special portable equipment was invented. The three-dimensional inclination of the piers was measured on three vertical levels ; ground floor, gallery and the second cornice.The recording of the deterioration includes a series of detailed sketches of the basic parts of the forty ribs as well. The ceramic tubes inserted radially into the dome shell were also examined carefully, the results of which has been already published.For the non-destructive survey of the masonry, the radar detective machine, the metal detector, and the endoscope were applied. The thermal images of the upper surface were taken through the infra-red thermal recorder. The images clearly show the rain penetration.The monitoring system consists of 50 thermometers, 26 thermo-hydrometers and 25 displacement gauges. The data are automatically recorded six times per day. The data processing is now going on and the result will surely consists a fundamental basis for the future restoration program of the Hagia Sophia.

本研究的主题是：1）圣索菲亚大教堂的恶化的准确记录，2）砌体的非破坏性检查，和3）纪念碑的长期监测。通过研究获得的数据应整合到圣索菲亚大教堂未来的修复计划中。该建筑的文件包括：a）上部结构的摄影测量（中央穹顶、相邻的半圆形穹顶、四个大拱门和悬垂物、北方和南方的鼓室），B）测量四个大桥墩的倾斜度和四个大拱门的变形，以及c）详细记录中心圆顶的内表面的劣化。照相测量的结果已被概括为一系列内球体的轮廓图，以图形表示和数字化坐标数据给出。为了直接测量大拱门内拱的最高点，人们发明了一种特殊的便携式设备。桥墩的三维倾斜度是在三个垂直层面上测量的;底层、走廊和第二个檐口。损坏记录包括一系列四十根肋骨基本部分的详细草图。同时，对径向插入的陶瓷管进行了详细的检测，并对检测结果进行了验证。对于砌体的无损检测，采用了雷达探测机、金属探测器和内窥镜等技术。通过红外热记录仪拍摄上表面的热图像。监测系统由50个温度计、26个温度比重计和25个位移计组成。数据每天自动记录六次。数据处理正在进行中，其结果将为圣索菲亚大教堂未来的修复计划奠定基础。