International Turkish Labor Migration and its Impact of Urban Problems

本研究项目旨在分析土耳其国际劳动力迁移及其对土耳其和德国城市发展的影响。我们得到了土耳其同行Rusen Keles博士和Pulat Otkan大学教授以及国家和地方政府有关部门的工作人员的大力支持。但是这次我们没有太多的研究经费和时间，所以我们不能去德国，我们的初衷也没有完全实现。土耳其向西方国家输出了大量劳动力，特别是自1960年代以来集中在德国，并积极参与区域间和/或农村向城市的移徙。特别是土耳其三个人口超过100万的大城市，安卡拉、伊斯坦布尔和伊兹密尔，由于计划或自发地聚集了大量从这些国家返回的移民，城市发展迅速，扩大了建成区。回乡务工人员主要聚集在这些城市，利用其获得的少量资本形成“盖克孔都”，他们开始在易于参加的第三产业活动中创造新的工作。我们发现，他们在社会移民中也有所上升，许多第二代进入了大学。更深入的研究，包括对两国的问卷调查，留给明年的主题。

This study project aimed at analyzing international Turkish labor migration and its impact on urban developments both Turkey and Germany. We got heartful support from the Turkish counterparts Prof. Dr. Rusen Keles and Prof. Dr. Pulat Otkan Ankara University and the stuff members at concerning authorities, both national and local governments. But this time we have not much research fund and time, therefore, we could not visit Germany, and our original intentions were not achieved completely.Turkey is exported the great number of labor forces to the Western countries, especially concentrated in Germany since 1960s and also active in interregional and / or rural to urban migration. Particularly, Turkish three big cities with over one million population, Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir which have been rapid urban growth and expanded built up areas by planned or spontaneous gathered large number of return migrants from those countries. Return migrants had been mainly accumulated these cities to make the formation of gecekondu with his small gained capital and they began to make new job in tertiary activities in which were easily to take parts. We find that they are also risen in social migration and many of those second generation enter to the universities. More intensive research including questionnaire to both countries left to nest year's main theme.