International Turkish Labor Migration and its Impact of Urban Problems

本研究项目旨在分析国际土耳其劳动力迁移及其对土耳其和德国城市发展的影响。我们得到了土耳其同行Rusen Keles教授博士和Pulat Otkan Ankara大学教授博士以及国家和地方政府有关当局的工作人员的衷心支持。但这次我们没有太多的研究经费和时间，因此未能访问德国，我们的初衷没有完全实现。土耳其是向西方国家输出大量劳动力的国家，特别是自20世纪60年代以来集中在德国，也活跃在地区间和/或农村向城市迁移。特别是土耳其三个百万人口以上的大城市安卡拉、伊斯坦布尔和伊兹密尔，城市发展迅速，有计划或自发地扩大了建筑面积，聚集了大量来自这些国家的返回移民。返回的移民主要聚集在这些城市，用他的小资本形成了gecekondu，他们开始在容易参加的第三产业中找到新的工作。我们发现，他们也上升，在社会流动和许多第二代进入大学。更深入的研究，包括对两国的问卷调查，留给下一年的主题。

This study project aimed at analyzing international Turkish labor migration and its impact on urban developments both Turkey and Germany. We got heartful support from the Turkish counterparts Prof. Dr. Rusen Keles and Prof. Dr. Pulat Otkan Ankara University and the stuff members at concerning authorities, both national and local governments. But this time we have not much research fund and time, therefore, we could not visit Germany, and our original intentions were not achieved completely.Turkey is exported the great number of labor forces to the Western countries, especially concentrated in Germany since 1960s and also active in interregional and / or rural to urban migration. Particularly, Turkish three big cities with over one million population, Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir which have been rapid urban growth and expanded built up areas by planned or spontaneous gathered large number of return migrants from those countries. Return migrants had been mainly accumulated these cities to make the formation of gecekondu with his small gained capital and they began to make new job in tertiary activities in which were easily to take parts. We find that they are also risen in social migration and many of those second generation enter to the universities. More intensive research including questionnaire to both countries left to nest year's main theme.