Collaborative Research of Artificial Gravity for Space Use.

1. 基于本研究年前短臂人体离心机的人工g负荷实验，我们发现当在+z（头到脚跟）方向上施加离心力时，受试者会出现类似晕动病的症状（通常被认为是由科里奥利刺激引起的前庭功能障碍）。因此，为了避免前庭症状的发生，我们消除了微振动等各种机械问题。同时，为了减少受试者的心理紧张，我们做了非常详细的解释，并使用了短时间的离心g负荷体验。首先，我们获取5名20-30岁的健康男性受试者的数据，采用1.2G连续40分钟，第二天1.4G连续40分钟，第二天1.8G连续40分钟的方法。在g负荷前后，我们测量了人体的各项性能，并得到了一个稳定图，这是衡量人体站立姿势维持能力的一个指标。在负荷过程中，记录心电图、心率、呼吸曲线、眼动、瞳孔状况、血氧饱和度、血压（每1分钟一次）。我们通过摄像机系统持续观察受试者的情况。被试和被试可以通过电话通讯来呼叫时间。下一步，我们尝试将受试者暴露在2.0G下40分钟。除了能够在第二次试验中完成负荷的受试者外，所有抱怨极度不愉快或困难并表现出低血压等客观症状的受试者都必须停止负荷。此后，我们决定将曝光时间延长至60分钟，并从1.4G开始。如果受试者能够完成1.4G负荷，则水平上升到1.7G。如果他不能完成1.7G，他必须再回到1.4G。根据我们目前的数据，我们将最大水平设置为2.0G，持续60分钟，我们没有使用任何更高或更长时间的暴露。数据显示，9名受试者完成1.4G负荷60分钟，4名无法完成；6人在60分钟内完成1.7G， 5人无法完成；3人在60分钟内完成2.0G，但3人无法完成。未能完成G负荷的受试者表现出各种自主神经系统症状，如冷汗、心动过速、头重等，并自诉无法忍受。本组未见因G负荷过大引起的循环衰竭引起的低血压、脑贫血等症状，也未见迷走神经痛引起的心率降低。2.能够完成预定G水平负荷的被试在2小时内恢复到暴露前的水平。在国际会议和国际信息交流上的报告我们的课题组成员和研究合作者在许多国际会议和大会上做了多次关于离心g载荷的报告；1992年3月，名古屋；1992年5月，迈阿密海滩；在华盛顿特区1992年8月；1992年9月，夏威夷；1992年10月，东京。我们在g负荷下脑循环的新发现对相关研究产生了很大的影响。此外，美国宇航局组织的生命科学和医学领导人已经明确认识到人工重力负荷实验的重要性，并打算支持国际研究小组之间积极交流信息。国际宇航协会的人在空间专题讨论会将于1993年4月在东京举行，由首席研究员主持。在这次会议上，我们安排了一个关于“人工重力”的特别会议，作为我们对数据研究工作的总结。在这个独特的第一次关于“人工重力”的研究会议上，在总共9篇论文中，我们将有5篇来自日本（我们小组4篇），3篇来自美国，1篇来自俄罗斯。克林顿政府上台后，航天事业的前景不容乐观，国际航天界也存在一些悲观的看法。前段时间，我们组织了一个国际人工重力研究论坛。不幸的是，这个系统现在不能正常工作，主要是由于NASA人员的活动不活跃。这说明了国际合作的真正困难。尽管如此，我们仍渴望继续我们的人工G负荷研究。少

1. Results of G-load experiments using a short-arm human centrifugeBased on the artificial G-load experiments by a short-arm human centrifuge before the present research year, we found that the subjects suffered from motion sickness-like symptoms (which is usually seen as a vestibular dysfunction caused by Coriolis stimulation), when a centrifugal force is given in +z (head to heel) direction. Accordingly, in order to avoid the occurrence of vestibular symptoms, we eliminated various mechanical problems such as microvibration. Also, toreduce subject's psychological tension, we have given a very detailed explanation and also used a short-duration experience of centrifugal G-load. First, we acquired data from 5 healthy male subjects, 20-30 years old, by applying 1.2G for 40 minutes, 1.4G for 40 minutes on the following day and then 1.8G for 40 minutes on the next day.Before and after G-load, we measured various human performances and also obtained a stabilogram which is a measurement of … More man's ability of standing postural maintenance. During the load, we recorded EKG, heart rate, respiratory curve, eye movement, pupillary condition, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure (every 1 minute). We continually observed subject's condition through the video camera system. The subject and experimentor could tele-communicate call the time.As a next step, we tried to expose subjects to 2.0G for 40 minutes. Except for subject who could complete this load at his second trial, the load had to be stopped, for all subjects who complained an extreme unpleasantness or hardness and manifested objective symptoms such as low blood pressure. Thereafter, we decided to extend the exposure period for 60 minutes instead, and started from 1.4G. If the subject could complete a 1.4G load, the level went up to 1.7G. If he could not complete 1.7G, he had to go back to 1.4G again. Based on our data to present, we set the maximal level as 2.0G for 60 minutes and we did not use any higher or longer exposure. To data, 9 subjects completed 1.4G load for 60 minutes, but 4 could not ; 6 completed 1.7G for 60 minutes but 5 could not ; and 3 completed 2.0G for 60 minutes but 3 could not.Subjects who failed to complete the G load showed various autonomic nervous system symptoms such as cold sweat, tachycardia, head heaviness etc., and they complained the condition as intolerable. Symptoms like low blood pressure, brain anemia etc. due to circulatory failure by an extreme G load, and heart rate reduction by vagotony were not found in this subject group. performance by subjects who could complete the scheduled G level load returned to the preexposure performance level within 2 hours.2. Reports at the international meetings and international information exchangeMembers of our research group and research collaborators have made multiple presentations in relation to the centrifugal G-load, at many international meetings and congresses ; in Nagoya, March, 1992 ; in Miami Beach, May, 1992 ; in Washington,D.C., August, 1992 ; in Hawaii, September, 1992 ; in Tokyo, October, 1992. Our new and unexpected findings on brain circulation during G-load have delivered a great impact to the related research community. Furthermore, life science and medical leaders in NASA organization have clearly recognized the importance of artificial G-load experiments, and intend to support an active exchange of information among the international research groups.The Man-in-Space Symposium of the International Association of Astronautics will be held in Tokyo, April, 1993, under the chairmanship of the Principal Investigator. During this meeting, we scheduled to have a special session of "artificial gravity", as a summerization of our research works to data. During this unique and very first study session on "artificial gravity", out of a total of 9 papers, we will have 5 presentations from Japan (4 from our group), 3 from U.S.A. and 1 from Russia.After the initiation of Clinton administration, the future of the space program does not look very bright, and some grim views exist among the global space community. Sometime ago, we have structured an international study forum of artificial gravity research. Unfortunately, the system is not functioning properly at this moment, basically due to somewhat inactive movement of NASA people. This exemplifies the real difficulty of international collaboration. Nonetheless, we are anxious to continue our artificial G load studies. Less