Collaborative Research of Artificial Gravity for Space Use.

空间利用人工重力的合作研究。

• 批准号: 02044135
• 负责人: YAJIMA Kazuyoshi
• 金额: $ 9.28万
• 依托单位: Nihon University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1990 至 1992
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02044135/
• 关键词: Artificial gravity; Long time G-load; Vestibular dysfunction; Circulatory failure; Lowering of work capacity; A countermeasure on loss of Ca under microgravity; Short-arm human centrifuge; 人間の長時間Gz負荷; 循環系の副作用; 無重力のCa喪失の対策; 遠心力負荷装置; 人間の長時間G負荷

1. Results of G-load experiments using a short-arm human centrifugeBased on the artificial G-load experiments by a short-arm human centrifuge before the present research year, we found that the subjects suffered from motion sickness-like symptoms (which is usually seen as a vestibular dysfunction caused by Coriolis stimulation), when a centrifugal force is given in +z (head to heel) direction. Accordingly, in order to avoid the occurrence of vestibular symptoms, we eliminated various mechanical problems such as microvibration. Also, toreduce subject's psychological tension, we have given a very detailed explanation and also used a short-duration experience of centrifugal G-load. First, we acquired data from 5 healthy male subjects, 20-30 years old, by applying 1.2G for 40 minutes, 1.4G for 40 minutes on the following day and then 1.8G for 40 minutes on the next day.Before and after G-load, we measured various human performances and also obtained a stabilogram which is a measurement of … More man's ability of standing postural maintenance. During the load, we recorded EKG, heart rate, respiratory curve, eye movement, pupillary condition, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure (every 1 minute). We continually observed subject's condition through the video camera system. The subject and experimentor could tele-communicate call the time.As a next step, we tried to expose subjects to 2.0G for 40 minutes. Except for subject who could complete this load at his second trial, the load had to be stopped, for all subjects who complained an extreme unpleasantness or hardness and manifested objective symptoms such as low blood pressure. Thereafter, we decided to extend the exposure period for 60 minutes instead, and started from 1.4G. If the subject could complete a 1.4G load, the level went up to 1.7G. If he could not complete 1.7G, he had to go back to 1.4G again. Based on our data to present, we set the maximal level as 2.0G for 60 minutes and we did not use any higher or longer exposure. To data, 9 subjects completed 1.4G load for 60 minutes, but 4 could not ; 6 completed 1.7G for 60 minutes but 5 could not ; and 3 completed 2.0G for 60 minutes but 3 could not.Subjects who failed to complete the G load showed various autonomic nervous system symptoms such as cold sweat, tachycardia, head heaviness etc., and they complained the condition as intolerable. Symptoms like low blood pressure, brain anemia etc. due to circulatory failure by an extreme G load, and heart rate reduction by vagotony were not found in this subject group. performance by subjects who could complete the scheduled G level load returned to the preexposure performance level within 2 hours.2. Reports at the international meetings and international information exchangeMembers of our research group and research collaborators have made multiple presentations in relation to the centrifugal G-load, at many international meetings and congresses ; in Nagoya, March, 1992 ; in Miami Beach, May, 1992 ; in Washington,D.C., August, 1992 ; in Hawaii, September, 1992 ; in Tokyo, October, 1992. Our new and unexpected findings on brain circulation during G-load have delivered a great impact to the related research community. Furthermore, life science and medical leaders in NASA organization have clearly recognized the importance of artificial G-load experiments, and intend to support an active exchange of information among the international research groups.The Man-in-Space Symposium of the International Association of Astronautics will be held in Tokyo, April, 1993, under the chairmanship of the Principal Investigator. During this meeting, we scheduled to have a special session of "artificial gravity", as a summerization of our research works to data. During this unique and very first study session on "artificial gravity", out of a total of 9 papers, we will have 5 presentations from Japan (4 from our group), 3 from U.S.A. and 1 from Russia.After the initiation of Clinton administration, the future of the space program does not look very bright, and some grim views exist among the global space community. Sometime ago, we have structured an international study forum of artificial gravity research. Unfortunately, the system is not functioning properly at this moment, basically due to somewhat inactive movement of NASA people. This exemplifies the real difficulty of international collaboration. Nonetheless, we are anxious to continue our artificial G load studies. Less

1.短臂离心机负重实验结果根据本研究年前在短臂离心机上进行的人工负重实验，我们发现当离心力沿+z(头跟)方向施加时，受试者会出现晕动样症状(通常被认为是科里奥利刺激引起的前庭功能障碍)。因此，为了避免前庭症状的发生，我们排除了微小振动等各种机械问题。此外，为了减少受试者的心理紧张，我们给出了非常详细的解释，并使用了短时间的离心力负荷体验。首先，我们采集了5名20-30岁的健康男性受试者的数据，分别在第二天和第二天分别进行1.2G和1.4G持续40min的测试，然后在第二天进行1.8G持续40min的测试。在G负荷前后，我们测量了人体的各种运动能力，并得到了一个稳定图，即测量…更多的人保持站立姿势的能力。记录负荷期间的EKG、心率、呼吸曲线、眼球运动、瞳孔状况、血氧饱和度和血压(每1分钟一次)。我们通过摄像系统持续观察受试者的情况。受试者和实验者可以通过电话进行通话。作为下一步，我们尝试让受试者暴露在2.0g的环境中40分钟。除了在第二次试验中能够完成这一负荷的受试者外，对于所有抱怨极度不舒服或僵硬并表现出诸如低血压等客观症状的受试者，负荷必须停止。此后，我们决定将曝光期延长至60分钟，并从1.4克开始。如果受试者能够完成1.4克的负荷，水平就会上升到1.7克。如果他不能完成1.7G，他不得不再次回到1.4G。根据我们目前的数据，我们将最高水平设定为2.0g，持续60分钟，我们没有使用任何更高或更长的暴露时间。数据显示，9名受试者完成1.4g负荷60min，4名受试者未能完成；6名受试者完成1.7g负荷60min，5名受试者未能完成；3名受试者完成2.0g负荷60min，3名受试者未能完成。未能完成G负荷受试者表现出冷汗、心动过速、头重脚轻等各种自主神经系统症状，他们抱怨这种情况无法忍受。在这组受试者中，没有发现由极端G负荷引起的循环衰竭引起的低血压、脑性贫血等症状，以及由于迷走神经痉挛而导致的心率减慢。能够完成预定G水平负荷的受试者的表现在2小时内恢复到暴露前的水平。在国际会议和国际信息交流上的报告我们研究小组的成员和研究合作者已经在许多国际会议和大会上作了多次关于离心力负载的报告；1992年3月在名古屋；1992年5月在迈阿密海滩；1992年8月在华盛顿特区；1992年9月在夏威夷；1992年10月在东京。我们关于G负荷期间脑循环的新的和意想不到的发现给相关研究界带来了巨大的影响。此外，NASA组织中的生命科学和医学领导人已经明确认识到人造G-Load实验的重要性，并打算支持国际研究小组之间积极交流信息。国际宇航协会的人在空间研讨会将于1993年4月在东京举行，由首席研究员担任主席。在这次会议期间，我们安排了一个特别的“人工重力”会议，作为我们对数据研究工作的总结。在这次独特的、也是第一次关于“人造重力”的研究会议上，在总共9篇论文中，将有5篇来自日本(本组4篇)、3篇来自美国、1篇来自俄罗斯。克林顿政府启动后，太空计划的前景看起来并不是很光明，全球航天界存在一些悲观的看法。前段时间，我们组织了一个人工重力研究的国际学习论坛。不幸的是，系统目前无法正常运行，主要是因为NASA人员的行动有些不活跃。这体现了国际合作的真正困难。尽管如此，我们仍急于继续我们的人工G负荷研究。较少

项目成果

K.YAJIMA,A.MIYAMOTO,M.ITO,et.al.: "Orthostatic intolerance in 6 degrees Head-Down Tilt and lower body negtive pressure loading." ACTA ASTRONAUTICA. 27. 115-121 (1992)

K.YAJIMA、A.MIYAMOTO、M.ITO 等人：“6 度头低倾斜和下半身负压负荷时的直立不耐受。”

吉本 智信,谷島 一嘉,他1名: "重力負荷の脳循環に与える影響" 第6回日本宇宙生物科学会. (1993)

Tomonobu Yoshimoto、Kazuyoshi Tanishima 和其他 1 人：“重力负荷对脑循环的影响”，第 6 届日本天体生物学会（1993 年）。

T.UENO,A.MIYAMOTO,K.YAJIMA,et.al.: "Effect of LBNP on cerebral circylation" 63rd.Aunual Scientific Meeting of Aerospace Medical Association. A35 (1993)

T.UENO,A.MIYAMOTO,K.YAJIMA,et.al.：“LBNP 对脑循环的影响”第 63 届航空航天医学会科学年会。

K. Iwasaki, M. Ito, K. Yajima, et.al.: "Arterial oxygen saturation during +Gz acceleration by short-radius centrifuge." Japanese Journal of aerospace and environmental medicine.30(1). (1993)

K. Iwasaki、M. Ito、K. Yajima 等人：“短半径离心机 Gz 加速期间的动脉氧饱和度。”

伊藤 雅夫,谷島 一嘉: "G負荷に条件下におけるマウスの受精と初期発生" 日本宇宙環境医学会雑誌. 37. 34 (1991)

Masao Ito、Kazuyoshi Tanishima：“G 负载条件下小鼠的受精和早期发育”日本空间与环境医学学会杂志 37. 34 (1991)。