Collabolative Study on Space Adaptation and Countermeasures

火星探路者号已经启动，由于长期太空飞行，人类对微重力的适应变得更加重要。因此，针对这种空间适应性变化的医学对策是最迫切的，也是必不可少的。人工重力是一个迫切需要协同解决的重要问题之一。在即将到来的国际空间站（ISS）上，计划附加一个人造重力实验舱。但这只适用于动物，不适用于人类。我们在所有场合都强调在ISS中设置人体离心机，以评估离心对人体的实际作用，预防心血管疾病和骨矿物质流失。尼科西甘博士和韦尼科斯博士都很了解我们，但他们说这个模块只适用于动物。另一方面，我们使用短臂人体离心机进行了实验，以防止头向下倾斜卧床休息四天导致的红细胞压积增加。这是为了证明离心在太空中的实用性而进行的模拟研究。10名健康男性受试者，头向下倾斜4 d，每天2G-1 h Gz离心。虽然Convertino等人通过运动或在床上站立1-2小时、饮水等其他对策未能成功地阻止头部向下倾斜4天的红细胞压积增加，但我们已经成功地阻止了这一点。解决人工重力问题需要更多的合作研究，甚至需要国际上的合作研究；我们能在太空中进行多少次，多长时间，多久一次的离心？

Mars-Pathfinder has been started now and human adaptation for microgravity due to long-term space flight becomes more important. Therefore, medical countermeasures for such adaptive change in space are most urgent, and indispensable. Artificial gravity is one of the most important target to be solved urgently and collaboratively. In the coming International Space Station (ISS) , an artificial gravity experirnental module is planned to be attached. But it is only for animal and not for human. We have emphasized in all occasions to set a human centrifuge in ISS in order to estimate the actual usefulness cf centrifugation effect on human as the prevention against cardiovascular deconditioning and bone mineral loss. Dr. Nicogossian and Dr. Vernikos are well recognized us, but they say this module is only for animal.On the other part, we have conducted the experiments using a short-arm human centrifuge to prevent the hematocrit increase caused by head down tilt bed rest for four days. This is a simulation study on the ground of proving the usefulness of centrifugation in space. 2G-1 hour Gz centrifugation was adopted every day during 4 days head down tilt for 10 healthy male subjects. We have succeeded to stop the increase of hematocrit up to 4 days of head down tilt, though Convertino et al. failed by other countermeasures using exercise or standing up on the bed for 1-2 hours, and water intake etc.More collaborative studies are necessary even internationally to solve the problem of artificial gravity; how much, how long and how often can we give them the centrifugation in space?