Does epidural anesthesia have protective effect on hemorrhagic shock?

背景：“动脉性流行病对生存和生理功能的有益影响在动物身上表现出来，但没有得到普遍支持。”本研究旨在澄清流行性和慢性病之间的差异，以及上甲状腺病和甲状腺病之间的差异，以及对狗中的风湿性和代谢性反应。方法：七只狗接收到0.2%的halothane anesthesia，六只接收到0.2%的halothane加外延anesthesia从C_4到T_5，七只接收到0.2%的halothane加外延anesthesia从C_5到L_7，第四组接收到0.9%的halothane anesthesia。抽血后（35毫升·千克^<-1>）可持续30分钟，血红素、代谢和儿茶素变异可在2小时间隔30分钟内重复测量。结果：2组狗在1小时后死亡，但在其他组存活的所有狗。平均的大气压力，脉冲。 ... More 主要的楔形压力，中央压力和心脏输出在所有群体中明显减少。However，一般大气压力的退化在第1、2和4组中明显大于第3组。心脏速率明显快速地在第1组，缓慢地在第4组，但明显地在第3组。在第2组中，它仍然是不可更改的。所有群体中的平均pH值和基本异常明显降低。在第2和第4组中，基本错误在第1和第3组中缓慢恢复，但在第1和第3组中进一步恢复。等离子体肾上腺素集中在第1组中显著地和处于较高水平的水平。在第2组和第4组中，它也增加了，但缓慢地减少了。在第3组，它仍然是不可更改的。等离子体正肾上腺素集中在第1组中增加了明显的市场营销。在第2组和第4组中，它是适度的。在第3组，它仍然是不可更改的。在第2组和第4组中，Hemorrhagic Shock比第1组和第3组中的单一Hemorrhagic模型中的Hemorrhagic Shock要好。结论：Hemodynamic、metabolic和catecholamine对Hemorrhagic Shock下的上thoracic epidural anesthesia是类似于1 MAC halothane anesia下的那些。However， widespread epidural anesthsia or light halothane anesthesia worsened the Hemodynamic and metabolic parameters during hemorrhagic shock。Less（低）

Background: The beneficial effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia on survival and physiologic functions during hemorrhagic shock have been shown in animals but have not been supported universally. This study was designed to clarify differences between epidural and halothane anesthesia and between upper thoracic and thoracolumbar epidural anesthesia in hemodynamic and metabolic responses to hemorrhage in dogs. Methods: Group 1 of seven dogs received 0.2% halothane anesthesia, group 2 of six received 0.2% halothane plus epidural anesthesia ranged from C_4 to T_5, group 3 of seven received 0.2% halothane plus epidural anesthesia ranged from C_5 to L_7, and group 4 of eight received 0.9% halothane anesthesia. After blood removal (35 ml・kg^<-1>) for 30 min, hemodynamic, metabolic and catecholamine variables were measured repeatedly at 30-min intervals for 2h.Results: Two dogs in group 1 died 1 h after hemorrhage but all dogs in the other groups survived. The mean arterial pressure, pulmona … More ry capillary wedge pressure, central venous pressure and cardiac output decreased significantly in all groups. However, the decrease in mean arterial pressure was significantly larger in group 3 than in groups 1,2 and 4. The heart rate increased significantly rapidly in group 1 and slowly in group 4, but decreased significantly in group 3. In group 2, it remained unchanged. Arterial pH and base excess decreased significantly in all groups. After that, base excess recovered slowly in groups 2 and 4 but decreased further in groups 1 and 3. The plasma epinephrine concentration increased significantly and stayed at higher level in group 1. In groups 2 and 4, it also increased but decreased slowly. In group 3, it remained unchanged. The plasma norepinephrine concentration increased significantly markedly in group 1. In groups 2 and 4, it increased moderately. In group 3, it remained unchanged. The hemodynamic, metabolic and catecholamine variables during hemorrhagic shock were maintained better in groups 2 and 4 than in groups 1 and 3 in the single-withdrawal hemorrhagic models.Conclusions: The hemodynamic, metabolic and catecholamine responses to hemorrhagic shock under upper thoracic epidural anesthesia were similar to those under 1 MAC halothane anesthesia. However, widespread epidural anesthsia or light halothane anesthesia worsened the hemodynamic and metabolic parameters during hemorrhagic shock. Less