Romantic relationships of adolescents and young adults: Reproducing gendered ideologies and identities?

该项目旨在探索恋爱关系如何影响年轻人在青春期和青年期的性别意识形态和职业伙伴偏好。它试图有助于更细致入微地理解性别意识形态和身份在整个生命过程中的发展，这对于理解许多现代后工业社会中向性别平等主义信仰和实践转变的缓慢步伐至关重要。研究年轻人的性别意识形态和职业伙伴偏好的形成也很重要，因为它们已经被证明可以预测在各个领域中持续的性别行为和成年人的结果。本研究从生命历程的角度出发，将性别作为一种社会结构的概念化（Risman, 2004）与认知发展理论（Kohlberg, 1966）、社会认同理论（Stets & Burke, 2000）和社会学习理论（Bandura, 1971）相结合，探索恋爱经历如何减缓年轻人对性别平等日益增长的渴望。我们通过利用来自不同国家背景的代表性纵向数据集，并通过探索可能调节浪漫关系如何塑造性别信仰的三种具体机制，扩展了以前的研究：1)对伴侣信仰的适应，2)关系质量和沟通行为，以及3)源于家庭和劳动力市场制度长期差异的性别文化。根据德国家庭小组（亲密关系和家庭动态的小组分析），我们首先计划探索过渡到分居关系或同居关系以及关系持续时间的增加是否与异性恋年轻人，特别是女性的平等主义性别意识形态和职业伙伴偏好的较小增长有关。为了更好地理解在互动夫妻层面上塑造浪漫关系体验影响的相关机制，该项目的第二部分将调查浪漫伴侣之间态度一致的重要性，以及关系质量和沟通行为的相互依赖。第三，我们将研究在具有更传统性别文化的国家背景下，过渡到分居关系或同居关系以及增加关系持续时间的预期传统化效应是否更强。除了比较东德和西德，我们还将根据《世代与性别调查》的两波面板数据，对14个现代后工业社会进行跨国比较分析。通过调查规范性背景和互动关系过程的相互依赖性，该项目试图确定在早期浪漫关系中促进或阻碍性别消除的情况。

This project aims to explore how romantic relationships shape young people’s gender ideologies and career-partnership preferences as they transition across adolescence and young adulthood. It seeks to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of gender ideology and identity developments across the life course, which is crucial to make sense of the slow(ing) pace of change towards more gender egalitarian beliefs and practices in many modern post-industrial societies. Studying the formation of gender ideologies and career-partnership preferences in youth is also important, as they have been shown to predict persistently gendered practices and outcomes of adults in various domains. This research assumes a life-course perspective and integrates the conceptualization of gender as a social structure (Risman, 2004) with cognitive-developmental theory (Kohlberg, 1966), social identity theory (Stets & Burke, 2000) and social learning theory (Bandura, 1971) to explore the mechanisms how romantic relationship experiences may slow down young people’s increasing aspirations towards gender equality. We extend previous studies by drawing on representative longitudinal data sets from different country contexts and by exploring three specific mechanisms that may moderate how romantic relationships shape gender beliefs: i) adaptation to one’s partner’s beliefs, ii) relationship quality and communication behaviours, and iii) gender cultures that originate in long-standing differences in family and labour market institutions. Drawing on the German Family Panel pairfam (Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics), we first plan to explore whether transitions into living-apart-together relationships or cohabitations and increasing relationship duration are associated with smaller growth in egalitarian gender ideologies and career-partnership preferences among heterosexual young people, especially women, over time. To gain a better understanding of relevant mechanisms that shape the impact of romantic relationship experience at the interactional couple level, the second part of the project will investigate the importance of attitude alignment between romantic partners and the interdependence with relationship quality and communication behaviours. Third, we will examine whether the expected traditionalising effect of transitions into living-apart-together relationships or cohabitations and increasing relationship duration are stronger in country contexts with more traditional gender cultures. In addition to comparing East and West Germany, we will conduct a cross-nationally comparative analysis of 14 modern postindustrial societies based on two-wave panel data from the Generations and Gender Survey. By investigating the interdependencies with normative context and interactional relationship processes, the project seeks to identify circumstances which facilitate or hinder the undoing of gender in early romantic relationships.