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The Ethos in Classical Greek Society and the Corpus Hippocraticum

古典希腊社会的精神风气和希波克拉底语

基本信息

批准号：
02610020
负责人：
MENJU Shin-ichiro
金额：
$ 0.83万
依托单位：
Yamanashi university
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The comparative study, of the work of the historian Thucydides and the Corpus Hippocraticum has been my main theme for the research on the ethos of classical Greek society. "Thucydldes and Hippocrates" - no. 5-(1990)was written for the purpose of reviewing the contemporary studies(up to 1980les)in Europe and the United States, which consern this theme, and reexaming my previous studies. The 'new trend'of classics is, so to speak, the revival of sceptism, which, as the analysis and the comparison becomes too trivialistic, sometimes lose the sight of direction and fall into the barren negation. But cultural anthropology in particular and other related historical scienses made me realize the importance of studying the spread of diseases(epidemiai), contagion, infection and immunity in a given society, on which I have not paid much attention in previous articles. The idea of 'miasma' (pollution), in particular, plays a very significant role not only in Greek religion, but also in secular world like law and popular ethics. Miasma was indeed one of the key-concepts of sin, crime and punishment in Greek society. "Thucydides and Hippokrates"-no. 6-(1992)is my latest article, in which I rereading the text on the great plague at Athens in the Book II of Thucydides and Hippocratic Corpus, I conclude that both the historian and the doctor were consciously avoiding the idea of miasma and related concepts. But in contemporary Greek tragedies, on the contrary, this idea was one of the greatest causes of evil not only for individuals and families, but for all of the polis members. Next article will be to contrast of these two different attitudes on the causality of evil as one of the fundamental problems for the study of ethos in classical Greek society.

对历史学家修昔底德的著作和《希波克拉底文集》的比较研究一直是我研究古典希腊社会精神的主要主题。《修昔底德与希波克拉底》（1990年第5期）是为了回顾欧洲和美国当代（直到20世纪80年代）关于这一主题的研究，并重新审视我以前的研究而写的。古典学的“新潮流”可以说是怀疑主义的复兴，这种怀疑主义由于分析和比较变得过于琐碎，有时会失去方向，陷入空洞的否定。但是文化人类学和其他相关的历史科学让我意识到研究疾病的传播（流行病），传染病，感染和免疫在一个特定社会中的重要性，我在以前的文章中没有太多关注。特别是“瘴气”（污染）的概念，不仅在希腊宗教中，而且在世俗世界，如法律和大众伦理中，都起着非常重要的作用。瘴气确实是希腊社会中罪、罪、罚的核心概念之一。《修昔底德与希波克拉底》（Thucydides and Hippokrates，1992）是我最近的一篇文章，在这篇文章中，我重读了《修昔底德与希波克拉底文集》（Thucydides and Hippocratic Corpus）第二卷中关于雅典大瘟疫的文本，我得出的结论是，历史学家和医生都有意识地避免了瘴气和相关概念的想法。但在当代的希腊悲剧中，恰恰相反，这种观念是罪恶的最大根源之一，不仅对个人和家庭，而且对所有城邦成员。本文接下来将对这两种不同的态度进行对比，探讨作为研究古典希腊社会风气的基本问题之一的恶的因果关系。